Dendritic cells maintain anti-tumor immunity by positioning CD8 resident memory T cells in the skin through the CXCL16-CXCR6 axis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA749023 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR15216438.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15216439.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15216440.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15216441.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15216442.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells are emerging as critical components of the immune response to cancer; yet, requirements for their ongoing function and maintenance remain unclear. Antigen presenting cells (APC) promote TRM cell differentiation and re-activation but have not been implicated in sustaining TRM cell responses. Here, we identified a novel role for dendritic cells in supporting tissue resident memory to melanoma. We showed that CD8 TRM cells remain in close proximity to dendritic cells in the skin. Depletion of CD11c+ cells results in rapid disaggregation and eventual loss of melanoma-specific TRM cells. Additionally, we determined that TRM migration and/or persistence requires chemotaxis and adhesion mediated by the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis. The interaction between CXCR6-expressing TRM cells and CXCL16-expressing APCs was found to be critical for sustaining TRM cell-mediated tumor protection. These findings substantially expand our knowledge of APC functions in tissue resident memory T cell homeostasis and longevity.
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Project description:Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a significant complication of CAR T-cell therapy, affecting 20% to 70% of patients. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying ICANS is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells from ICANS patients, uncovering a ICANS-specific increase in proliferating T cells compared to controls that contained both CAR and non-CAR expressing cells indicating bystander activation. These ICANS-specific proliferating T cells showed elevated expression of cytotoxic genes and the chemokine receptor gene CXCR6. Spatial transcriptomic mapping of postmortem choroid plexus and brain parenchyma of a patient with lethal ICANS revealed widespread myeloid cell infiltration and the spatial association of CXCR6+ T cells to CXCL16-expressing myeloid cells. These findings suggest that the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis may drive the recruitment of cytotoxic CAR CD4 T cells to the central nervous system during ICANS, potentially contributing to its pathogenesis and suggesting diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Project description:Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against tumors are maintained by stem-like memory cells that self-renew, but also give rise to effector-like cells. The latter gradually lose their anti-tumor activity and acquire an epigenetically fixed, hypofunctional state, leading to tumor tolerance. Here, we show that the conversion of stem-like into effector-like CTL involves a major chemotactic reprogramming that includes the upregulation of chemokine receptor CXCR6. This receptor positions effector-like CTL in a discrete perivascular niche of the tumor stroma that is densely occupied by CCR7+ dendritic cells (DC) expressing the CXCR6 ligand CXCL16. CCR7+ DC also express and trans-present the survival cytokine IL-15. CXCR6 expression and IL-15 trans-presentation are critical for the survival and local expansion of effector-like CTL in the tumor microenvironment to maximize their anti-tumor activity before progressing to irreversible dysfunction. These observations reveal a cellular and molecular checkpoint that determines the magnitude and outcome of anti-tumor immune responses.
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Project description:The development of periodontitis is often linked to an imbalance in immune homeostasis within the periodontal tissue microenvironment. Smoking has been shown to influence immune responses and exacerbate periodontal tissue damage; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the impact of smoking on the stromal-immune balance in periodontal tissues during the chronic phase of periodontitis, we performed single-cell sequencing on periodontal tissue samples from clinical subjects categorized into three groups: healthy controls (n=2), periodontitis patients (n=2), and periodontitis patients with smoking habits (n=3). Analysis of data from seven samples revealed that epithelial cells were the periodontal cell type most affected by smoking. These cells exhibited signs of senescence and secreted elevated levels of CXCL16. Interestingly, Treg cells with high CXCR6 expression were identified exclusively in the smoking group. Using CellPhoneDB4, we further confirmed a specific interaction between epithelial cells and CXCR6+ Treg cells. These findings were validated through immunofluorescence assays, supporting the observed epithelial-CXCR6+ Treg interactions. This study provides novel molecular insights into the mechanisms by which smoking exacerbates periodontal tissue damage, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention in smoking-associated periodontitis.
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Project description:Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging subtype of breast cancer because of its aggressive behavior and the limited therapeutic strategies available. In the last decade, immunotherapy has become a promising treatment to prolong survival in advanced solid cancers including TNBC. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in solid cancers remains limited because solid tumors contain few tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Methods A proteome profiler array was performed to identify secreted CXCL16 protein, the expression of which is regulated by ELK3 to control natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The correlation between ELK3 and CXCL16 was investigated by microarray and TCGA data analysis. NK cell cytotoxicity and migration assays were performed to examine the role of ELK3-CXCL16 in regulating the anticancer effect in TNBC. CXCL16-mediated NK cell recruitment and NK cell cytotoxicity were examined in an experimental metastasis mouse model and in an MDA-MB231 orthotopic mouse model. Results We show that targeting the ETS transcription factor ELK3 recruits immune cells including NK cells into tumors via the chemotactic activity of the chemokine. ELK3 depletion upregulated CXCL16 expression, thereby inducing NK cell recruitment to tumors and increasing NK cell cytotoxicity in TNBC . In silico analysis showed that ELK3 is negatively correlated with CXCL16 expression in breast cancer patient samples. Low expression of ELK3 and high expression of CXCL16 were associated with a better prognosis. Low expression of ELK3 and high expression of CXCL16 were associated with increased expression of NK cell-related genes. Conclusions The ELK3-CXCL16 axis regulates NK cell recruitment and increases NK cell cytotoxicity, suggesting that targeting the ELK3 gene could be an adjuvant strategy for increasing the efficacy of immunotherapy in TNBC.
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Project description:This study aimed to further our understanding of the role that CXCR6 plays in breast cancer progression. Microarrays were searched for some genes that had correlated expression with CXCR6 mRNA. According to fold-change screening between restoring expression of CXCR6 and its respective control cells in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, both up-regulated and down-regulated genes were shown. The restoring of CXCR6 expression in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were respectively noted as MDA-MB-231-CXCR6 and MCF-7-CXCR6 cells and the respective controls were noted as MDA-MB-231-GFP and MCF-7-GFP cells.
2015-06-30 | E-GEOD-60484 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells are emerging as critical components of the immune response to cancer; yet, requirements for their ongoing function and maintenance remain unclear. APCs promote TRM cell differentiation and re-activation but have not been implicated in sustaining TRM cell responses. Here, we identified a novel role for dendritic cells in supporting TRM to melanoma. We showed that CD8 TRM cells remain in close proximity to dendritic cells in the skin. Depletion of CD11c+ cells results in rapid disaggregation and eventual loss of melanoma-specific TRM cells. In addition, we determined that TRM migration and/or persistence requires chemotaxis and adhesion mediated by the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis. The interaction between CXCR6-expressing TRM cells and CXCL16-expressing APCs was found to be critical for sustaining TRM cell-mediated tumor protection. These findings substantially expand our knowledge of APC functions in TRM T-cell homeostasis and longevity.
| S-EPMC8356251 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Emerging RNA viruses that target the central nervous system (CNS) lead to cognitive sequelae in survivors. Studies in humans and mice infected with West Nile virus (WNV), a re-emerging RNA virus associated with learning and memory deficits, revealed microglial-mediated synapse elimination within the hippocampus. Moreover, CNS-resident memory T (TRM) cells activate microglia, limiting synapse recovery and inducing spatial learning defects in WNV-recovered mice. The signals involved in T cell-microglia interactions are unknown. Methods Here, we examined immune cells within the murine WNV-recovered forebrain using single-cell RNA sequencing to identify putative ligand-receptor pairs involved in intercellular communication between T cells and microglia. Clustering and differential gene analyses were followed by protein validation and genetic and antibody-based approaches utilizing an established murine model of WNV recovery in which microglia and complement promote ongoing hippocampal synaptic loss. Results Profiling of host transcriptome immune cells at 25 days post-infection in mice revealed a shift in forebrain homeostatic microglia to activated subpopulations with transcriptional signatures that have previously been observed in studies of neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, CXCL16/CXCR6, a chemokine signaling pathway involved in TRM cell biology, was identified as critically regulating CXCR6 expressing CD8+ TRM cell numbers within the WNV-recovered forebrain. We demonstrate that CXCL16 is highly expressed by all myeloid cells, and its unique receptor, CXCR6, is highly expressed on all CD8+ T cells. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that CXCL16/CXCR6 not only is required for the maintenance of WNV-specific CD8 TRM cells in the post-infectious CNS, but also contributes to their expression of TRM cell markers. Moreover, CXCR6+CD8+ T cells are required for glial activation and ongoing synapse elimination. Conclusions We provide a comprehensive assessment of the role of CXCL16/CXCR6 as an interaction link between microglia and CD8+ T cells that maintains forebrain TRM cells, microglial and astrocyte activation, and ongoing synapse elimination in virally recovered animals. We also show that therapeutic targeting of CXCL16 in mice during recovery may reduce CNS CD8+ TRM cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01111-0.
| S-EPMC9509564 | biostudies-literature