Project description:We sequenced mRNA from the leaves of mutant and normal green leaves of Ginkgo biloba using the Illumina HiSeq4000 platform to generate the transcriptome dynamics that may serve as a gene expression profile blueprint for leaf color variation of the mutant in Ginkgo biloba.
Project description:Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) were isolated from Ginkgo biloba seed homogenate using differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) followed by density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGUC) with linear and non-linear iodixanol gradients. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) characterized vesicle size, concentration, and morphology. Untargeted mass spectrometry profiled the protein content of distinct PDNV fractions. Ginkgo PDNVs formed a heterogeneous population, including single- and double-bilayer vesicles >50 nm. Proteomics revealed seed storage proteins (legumin, ginnacin) and membrane-associated ATPases, HSP90, catalase, PEPC, and eEF1A. Ginkgo seed-derived PDNVs exhibit promising vascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting their potential as safe, multifunctional agents for endothelial modulation.
Project description:To explore the overall long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) involved in major developmental stages of Ginkgo biloba leaves , we deeply sequenced samples of leaves from different developmental stages (from April to October) using strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-seq) menthod. We obtained 27.44 Gb raw data and identified 1323 novel lncRNAs. We also categorized the novel lncRNAs as intergenic, intronic, antisense and sense based on their location on theGinkgo biloba genome. Furthermore, lncRNAs targeted protein-coding genes were predicted and functional annotated. In addition, we constructed a network of interactions between ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNA) and mRNAs. Our results suggest that the identified novel lncRNAs are important in modulating development process of Ginkgo biloba, and provide a rich resource for further research on the function of these novel lncRNAs.
Project description:We conducted RNA-seq from the Ginkgo leaves after UV-B treatment,and constructed the molecular regulatory network of flavonoids synthesis under UV-B radiation in G. biloba.
Project description:Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to insure a diploid genome upon fertilization. Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species, but as of yet not from humans. Here we analyzed a large collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. Intriguingly, we found that a haploid genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics, development and evolution.
Project description:We sequenced mRNA from the different development stage of G. biloba embryo using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform to generate the transcriptome dynamics to explore ginkgo embryo development mechanism of post-maturation and lay the foundation for revealing the molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination of G. biloba seed.
Project description:Ginkgo leaves are always resources for flavonoids pharmaceutical industry. However, the effect of the elevation and tree age changes on flavonoid biosynthesis have not been detailly explored in Ginkgo leaves. In addition, whether these environmental pressures have similar effects on the biosynthesis of other non-flavonoids polyphenolics in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is not known at present. In this research, de novo transcriptome sequencing of Ginkgo leaves was performed coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the influence of elevation and tree age on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. A total of 557,659,530 clean reads were assembled into 188,155 unigenes, of which 135,102 (71.80%) were successfully annotated in seven public databases. The putative DFRs, LARs, and ANRs were significantly up-regulated with the increase of elevation in young Ginkgo tree leaves. The relative concentration of flavonoid derivatives with high parent ion intensity was likely to imply that the elevation increase promoted the biosynthesis of flavonoids. Complex gene variations involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were observed with the tree age increase. However, flavonoid derivatives analysis predicted that the rise of tree age was more likely to be detrimental to the flavonoids manufacture. Otherwise, multiple genes implicated in the synthesis of hydroxycinnamates, lignin, and lignan exhibited fluctuations with the elevation increase. Significantly up-regulated CADs and down-regulated PRDs potentially led to the accumulation of p-Coumaryl alcohol, one of the lignin monomers, and might inhibit further lignification. Overall, the putative DFRs seemed to show more considerable variability toward these stress, and appeared to be the main regulatory point in the flavonoid biosynthesis. Light enhancement caused by elevation increase may be the main reason for flavonoids accumulation. Flavonoid biosynthesis exhibited a greater degree of perturbation than that of hydroxycinnamates, lignins and lignans, potentially suggesting that flavonoid biosynthesis might be more susceptible than other branch pathways involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This research effectively expanded the functional genomic library and provide new insights into phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo.