Increased RNA Polymerase Activity at CTCF binding sites on the Epstein Barr Virus Genome During Reactivation from Latency
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA779453 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR16912902.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR16912903.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR16912904.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR16912905.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR16912906.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:We used Precision Nuclear Run-on followed by Deep Sequencing (PRO-Seq) to investigate RNA Polymerase (Pol) activity during Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) reactivation in EBV positive Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines Mutu-I and Akata. Nuclei were harvested from latent cells and after treatment with NaB/TPA (Mutu-I) or anti-IgG (akata) to stimulate reactivation at 1 and 4 and 12h. We identified multiple sites on the EBV genome enriched with Pol displaying distinct patterns of activity, which showed an association with CTCF and open chromatin.
2023-01-06 | GSE188584 | GEO
Project description:Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is a potentially oncogenic gammaherpesvirus that establishes a chronic, latent infection in memory B cells. The EBV genome persists in infected host cells as a chromatinized episome and is subject to chromatin-mediated regulation. Binding of the host insulator protein CTCF to the EBV genome has an established role in maintaining viral latency type. CTCF is post-translationally modified by the host enzyme PARP1. PARP1, or Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, catalyzes the transfer of a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) moiety from NAD+ onto acceptor proteins including itself, histone proteins, and CTCF. PARylation of CTCF by PARP1 can affect CTCF’s insulator activity, DNA binding capacity, and ability to form chromatin loops. Both PARP1 and CTCF have been implicated in the regulation of EBV latency and lytic reactivation. Thus, we predicted that pharmacological inhibition with PARP1 inhibitors would affect EBV latency type through a chromatin-specific mechanism. Here, we show that PARP1 and CTCF colocalize at specific sites throughout the EBV genome, and provide evidence to suggest that PARP1 acts to stabilize CTCF binding and maintain the open chromatin landscape at the active Cp promoter during type III latency. Further, PARP1 activity is important in maintaining latency type-specific viral gene expression. The data presented here provide a rationale for the use of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of EBV-associated cancers exhibiting type III latency, and could ultimately contribute to an EBV-specific treatment strategy for AIDS-related or post-transplant lymphomas.
2018-06-27 | GSE115829 | GEO
Project description:Using chromatin conformation capture methods, we learned that the latent episome of the human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) displays preferential chromosome association that correlates with gene density. The episome avoids gene-rich chromosomes and favors gene-poor chromosomes. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus behaves similarly, but human papillomavirus does not, suggesting limited evolutionary conservation of this strategy. Moreover, the strongest contacts we detected between the human genome and EBV episome localized to OriP, the latent origin of replication. This genetic element, and the EBNA1 protein that binds there, are sufficient to reconstitute chromosome association preferences of the entire episome. Upon reactivation from latency, however, these preferences are lost. Detailed mapping of changes in interchromosomal contacts reveal that the episome moves away from repressive heterochromatin and toward activating euchromatin. Our work adds three-dimensional relocalization to the molecular events that occur during the genetic switch from EBV latency to reactivation. The involvement of only a myriad of interchromosomal contacts also argues for a possible role of this type of long-range association in gene regulation.
2017-11-13 | GSE98498 | GEO
Project description:Using chromatin conformation capture methods, we learned that the latent episome of the human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) displays preferential chromosome association that correlates with gene density. The episome avoids gene-rich chromosomes and favors gene-poor chromosomes. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus behaves similarly, but human papillomavirus does not, suggesting limited evolutionary conservation of this strategy. Moreover, the strongest contacts we detected between the human genome and EBV episome localized to OriP, the latent origin of replication. This genetic element, and the EBNA1 protein that binds there, are sufficient to reconstitute chromosome association preferences of the entire episome. Upon reactivation from latency, however, these preferences are lost. Detailed mapping of changes in interchromosomal contacts reveal that the episome moves away from repressive heterochromatin and toward activating euchromatin. Our work adds three-dimensional relocalization to the molecular events that occur during the genetic switch from EBV latency to reactivation. The involvement of only a myriad of interchromosomal contacts also argues for a possible role of this type of long-range association in gene regulation.
2017-11-13 | GSE98122 | GEO
Project description:Using chromatin conformation capture methods, we learned that the latent episome of the human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) displays preferential chromosome association that correlates with gene density. The episome avoids gene-rich chromosomes and favors gene-poor chromosomes. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus behaves similarly, but human papillomavirus does not, suggesting limited evolutionary conservation of this strategy. Moreover, the strongest contacts we detected between the human genome and EBV episome localized to OriP, the latent origin of replication. This genetic element, and the EBNA1 protein that binds there, are sufficient to reconstitute chromosome association preferences of the entire episome. Upon reactivation from latency, however, these preferences are lost. Detailed mapping of changes in interchromosomal contacts reveal that the episome moves away from repressive heterochromatin and toward activating euchromatin. Our work adds three-dimensional relocalization to the molecular events that occur during the genetic switch from EBV latency to reactivation. The involvement of only a myriad of interchromosomal contacts also argues for a possible role of this type of long-range association in gene regulation.
2017-11-13 | GSE98120 | GEO
Project description:Using chromatin conformation capture methods, we learned that the latent episome of the human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) displays preferential chromosome association that correlates with gene density. The episome avoids gene-rich chromosomes and favors gene-poor chromosomes. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus behaves similarly, but human papillomavirus does not, suggesting limited evolutionary conservation of this strategy. Moreover, the strongest contacts we detected between the human genome and EBV episome localized to OriP, the latent origin of replication. This genetic element, and the EBNA1 protein that binds there, are sufficient to reconstitute chromosome association preferences of the entire episome. Upon reactivation from latency, however, these preferences are lost. Detailed mapping of changes in interchromosomal contacts reveal that the episome moves away from repressive heterochromatin and toward activating euchromatin. Our work adds three-dimensional relocalization to the molecular events that occur during the genetic switch from EBV latency to reactivation. The involvement of only a myriad of interchromosomal contacts also argues for a possible role of this type of long-range association in gene regulation.
2017-11-13 | GSE98121 | GEO
Project description:The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Initial EBV infection alters lymphocyte gene expression, inducing cellular proliferation and differentiation as the virus transitions through consecutive latency transcription programs. Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of signaling pathways and are implicated in carcinogenesis. The extent to which EBV exploits cellular miRNAs is unknown. Using micro-array analysis and quantitative PCR, we demonstrate differential expression of cellular miRNAs in type III versus type I EBV latency including elevated expression of miR-21, miR-23a, miR-24, miR-27a, miR-34a, miR-146a and b, and miR-155. In contrast, miR-28 expression was found to be lower in type III latency. The EBV-mediated regulation of cellular miRNAs may contribute to EBV signaling and associated cancers.
2008-10-07 | GSE13056 | GEO
Project description:The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Initial EBV infection alters lymphocyte gene expression, inducing cellular proliferation and differentiation as the virus transitions through consecutive latency transcription programs. Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of signaling pathways and are implicated in carcinogenesis. The extent to which EBV exploits cellular miRNAs is unknown. Using micro-array analysis and quantitative PCR, we demonstrate differential expression of cellular miRNAs in type III versus type I EBV latency including elevated expression of miR-21, miR-23a, miR-24, miR-27a, miR-34a, miR-146a and b, and miR-155. In contrast, miR-28 expression was found to be lower in type III latency. The EBV-mediated regulation of cellular miRNAs may contribute to EBV signaling and associated cancers. There were two major objectives for this study. The first objective was to determine whether EBV infected cells exhibiting type I latency influence cellular microRNA expression. For this study, four EBV negative derivatives of the type I latency cell line, Mutu I, were derived by retroviral infection with a dominant negative from of the EBV episomal replication factor, EBNA1. RNA from these four clones were compared to parental EBV positive Mutu I cells. Four dual labeling experiments were carried out for this comparison with dye reversal for every second pair of RNAs. The second objective was to determine whether EBV type III latency cells exhibit altered cellular microRNA gene expression compared to type I latency cells or EBV negative B cells. Four dual labeling experiments were carried out for this analysis with dye reversal for every second pair of RNAs.
2010-05-19 | E-GEOD-13056 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persistently infects 95% of adults worldwide and is associated with multiple human lymphomas that express characteristic EBV latency programs used by the virus to navigate the B-cell compartment. Upon primary infection, the EBV latency III program, comprised of six Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigens (EBNA) and two Latent Membrane Protein (LMP) antigens, drives infected B-cells into germinal center (GC). By incompletely understood mechanisms, GC microenvironmental cues trigger the EBV genome to switch to the latency II program, comprised of EBNA1, LMP1 and LMP2A and observed in GC-derived Hodgkin lymphoma. To gain insights into pathways and epigenetic mechanisms that control EBV latency reprogramming as EBV-infected B-cells encounter microenvironmental cues, we characterized GC cytokine effects on EBV latency protein expression and on the EBV epigenome. We confirmed and extended prior studies highlighting GC cytokine effects in support of the latency II transition. The T-follicular helper cytokine interleukin 21 (IL-21), which is a major regulator of GC responses, and to a lesser extent IL-4 and IL-10, hyper-induced LMP1 expression, while repressing EBNA expression. However, follicular dendritic cell cytokines including IL-15 and IL-27 downmodulate EBNA but not LMP1 expression. CRISPR editing highlighted that STAT3 and STAT5 were necessary for cytokine mediated EBNA silencing via epigenetic effects at the EBV genomic C promoter. By contrast, STAT3 was instead necessary for LMP1 promoter epigenetic remodeling, including gain of activating histone chromatin marks and loss of repressive polycomb repressive complex silencing marks. Thus, EBV has evolved to coopt STAT signaling to oppositely regulate the epigenetic status of key viral genomic promoters in response to GC cytokine cues.
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Project description:Our appreciation for the extent of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) transcriptome complexity continues to grow through findings of EBV encoded microRNAs, new long non-coding RNAs, and hundreds of new polyadenylated lytic transcripts. Here we report an additional layer to the EBV transcriptome through the identification of a repertoire of latent and lytic viral circRNAs. Utilizing RNase R-sequencing with cell models representing latency types I, II, and III, we identified circRNAs expressed from the latency Cp promoter involving backsplicing from the W1 and W2 exons to the C1 exon, from the EBNA BamHI U exon, and from the latency long-non-coding RPMS1 locus. We also identified circRNAs expressed during reactivation including an exon 8-to-2 backspliced LMP2 transcript and a highly expressed circRNA derived from the BHLF1 gene. Altogether we identified over 30 EBV circRNA candidates and validated and determined the structural features, expression profiles and nuclear-cytoplasmic distributions of several prominent viral circRNAs. Further, we show that two RPMS1 circRNAs are expressed in stomach cancer specimens. This study increases the known EBV latency and lytic transcriptome repertoires to include viral circRNAs and provides an essential foundation for investigations into the functions of this new class of EBV transcripts in EBV biology and disease.
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