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A role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtt109 histone acetyltransferase in R-loop homeostasis and associated genome instability

ABSTRACT: A role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtt109 histone acetyltransferase in R-loop homeostasis and associated genome instability

PROVIDER: PRJNA792796 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR17400801_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR17400801_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR17400802_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR17400802_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR17400803_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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A role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtt109 histone acetyltransferase in R-loop homeostasis and associated genome instability

Project description:The stability of the genome is occasionally challenged by the formation of DNA-RNA hybrids and R-loops, which can be influenced by the chromatin context. This is mainly due to the fact that DNA-RNA hybrids hamper the progression of replication forks, leading to fork stalling and, ultimately, DNA breaks. Through a specific screening of chromatin modifiers performed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have found that the Rtt109 histone acetyltransferase is involved in several steps of R-loop-metabolism and their associated genetic instability. On one hand, Rtt109 prevents DNA-RNA hybridization by the acetylation of histone H3 lysines 14 and 23, and on the other hand, it is involved in the repair of replication-born DNA breaks, such as those that can be caused by R-loops, by acetylating lysines 14 and 56. In addition, Rtt109 loss renders cells highly sensitive to replication stress in combination with R-loop-accumulating THO-complex mutants. Our data evidence that the chromatin context simultaneously influences the occurrence of DNA-RNA hybrid-associated DNA damage and its repair, adding complexity to the source of R-loop-associated genetic instability.

2022-07-13 | GSE192701 | GEO

A role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtt109 histone acetyltransferase in R-loop homeostasis and associated genome instability.

Project description:The stability of the genome is occasionally challenged by the formation of DNA-RNA hybrids and R-loops, which can be influenced by the chromatin context. This is mainly due to the fact that DNA-RNA hybrids hamper the progression of replication forks, leading to fork stalling and, ultimately, DNA breaks. Through a specific screening of chromatin modifiers performed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have found that the Rtt109 histone acetyltransferase is involved in several steps of R-loop-metabolism and their associated genetic instability. On the one hand, Rtt109 prevents DNA-RNA hybridization by the acetylation of histone H3 lysines 14 and 23 and, on the other hand, it is involved in the repair of replication-born DNA breaks, such as those that can be caused by R-loops, by acetylating lysines 14 and 56. In addition, Rtt109 loss renders cells highly sensitive to replication stress in combination with R-loop-accumulating THO-complex mutants. Our data evidence that the chromatin context simultaneously influences the occurrence of DNA-RNA hybrid-associated DNA damage and its repair, adding complexity to the source of R-loop-associated genetic instability.

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RNF8 ubiquitylation of XRN2 facilitates R-loop resolution and restrains genomic instability in BRCA1 mutant cells

Project description:Breast cancer linked with BRCA1/2 mutations commonly recur and resist current therapies, including PARP inhibitors. Given the lack of effective targeted therapies for BRCA1-mutant cancers, we sought to identify novel targets to selectively kill these cancers. Here, we report that loss of RNF8 significantly protects Brca1-mutant mice against mammary tumorigenesis. RNF8 deficiency in human BRCA1-mutant breast cancer cells was found to promote R-loop accumulation and replication fork instability, leading to increased DNA damage, senescence, and synthetic lethality. Mechanistically, RNF8 interacts with XRN2, which is crucial for transcription termination and R-loop resolution. We report that RNF8 ubiquitylates XRN2 to facilitate its recruitment to R-loop-prone genomic loci and that RNF8 deficiency in BRCA1-mutant breast cancer cells decreases XRN2 occupancy at R-loop-prone sites, thereby promoting R-loop accumulation, transcription-replication collisions, excessive genomic instability, and cancer cell death. Collectively, our work identifies a synthetic lethal interaction between RNF8 and BRCA1, which is mediated by a pathological accumulation of R-loops.

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