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Whole blood transcriptome of five West African cattle breeds before and during an infection by Trypanosoma congolense IL1180, inference on trypanotolerance

ABSTRACT: Whole blood transcriptome of five West African cattle breeds before and during an infection by Trypanosoma congolense IL1180, inference on trypanotolerance

PROVIDER: PRJNA808995 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR18088300.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18088301.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18088302.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18088303.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18088304.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Project description:Animal African trypanosomosis, caused by blood protozoan parasites transmitted mainly by tsetse flies, represents a major constraint for millions of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. Exposed cattle include West African taurine breeds called trypanotolerant according to their ability to control parasite development and to survive and grow in enzootic areas, and indicine breeds that are trypanosusceptible to the disease. Until now the genetic basis of trypanotolerance remains unclear. Here, we improved knowledge in the biological processes involved in trypanotolerance by identifying bovine genes differentially expressed during an experimental infection by Trypanosoma congolense and their biological functions. To this end, whole blood genome-wide transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing was performed on five West African cattle breeds, three trypanotolerant taurine breeds (N'Dama, Lagune and Baoulé), one susceptible zebu (Zebu Fulani) and one African taurine x zebu admixed breed (Borgou), at four dates, one before and three during infection. As expected, infection had a major impact on cattle blood transcriptome whatever the breed. The functional analysis of differentially expressed genes over time in each breed confirmed an early activation of the innate immune response, followed by an activation of the humoral response and an inhibition of T cells functions at the chronic stage of infection. More importantly, we highlighted overlooked features, as a strong disturbance in host metabolism and cell production energy that differentiate trypantolerant and trypanosusceptible breeds. N'Dama breed showed the earliest regulation of immune response, associated with a strong activation of cellular energy production, this last feature being also shared with Lagune, and to a lesser extent with Baoulé. Susceptible Zebu Fulani breed was distinguished from other breeds by the strongest modification in lipid metabolism regulation. Lastly, basal differences in gene expression reflected the structuration of cattle genetic diversity, and could have consequences on the tolerant or susceptible phenotype. Overall, it would be of value to deeper investigate interactions between immune response and cell metabolism that likely impact disease outcome.

Project description:BackgroundAnimal African Trypanosomosis particularly affects cattle and dramatically impairs livestock development in sub-Saharan Africa. African Zebu (AFZ) or European taurine breeds usually die of the disease in the absence of treatment, whereas West African taurine breeds (AFT), considered trypanotolerant, are able to control the pathogenic effects of trypanosomosis. Up to now, only one AFT breed, the longhorn N'Dama (NDA), has been largely studied and is considered as the reference trypanotolerant breed. Shorthorn taurine trypanotolerance has never been properly assessed and compared to NDA and AFZ breeds.Methodology/principal findingsThis study compared the trypanotolerant/susceptible phenotype of five West African local breeds that differ in their demographic history. Thirty-six individuals belonging to the longhorn taurine NDA breed, two shorthorn taurine Lagune (LAG) and Baoulé (BAO) breeds, the Zebu Fulani (ZFU) and the Borgou (BOR), an admixed breed between AFT and AFZ, were infected by Trypanosoma congolense IL1180. All the cattle were genetically characterized using dense SNP markers, and parameters linked to parasitaemia, anaemia and leukocytes were analysed using synthetic variables and mixed models. We showed that LAG, followed by NDA and BAO, displayed the best control of anaemia. ZFU showed the greatest anaemia and the BOR breed had an intermediate value, as expected from its admixed origin. Large differences in leukocyte counts were also observed, with higher leukocytosis for AFT. Nevertheless, no differences in parasitaemia were found, except a tendency to take longer to display detectable parasites in ZFU.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that LAG and BAO are as trypanotolerant as NDA. This study highlights the value of shorthorn taurine breeds, which display strong local adaptation to trypanosomosis. Thanks to further analyses based on comparisons of the genome or transcriptome of the breeds, these results open up the way for better knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and, furthermore, for identifying key biological pathways.

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Whole blood transcriptome of five West African cattle breeds before and during an infection by Trypanosoma congolense IL1180, inference on trypanotolerance

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