Targeting MLKL alleviates neuroinflammation and prevents motor neuron damage in Parkinson’s traits
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA811572 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR18245046_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR18245046_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR18245047_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR18245047_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR18245048_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Neuroinflammatory processes are a prominent contributor to the pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and deposits of α-synuclein aggregates. MLKL-mediated cell necroptosis might occur in the onset of PD and lead to neuronal dopaminergic degeneration. However, the link between α-synuclein, neuroinflammatory processes, and neurodegeneration in PD remains unclear. Here, our in vitro study indicated that inhibition of MLKL exerted a protective effect against 6-OHDA- and TNF-α-induced neuronal cell death. Furthermore, we created a mouse model (Tg-Mlkl-/-) with typical progressive Parkinson traits by crossbreeding SNCA A53T transgenic mice with MLKL knockout mice. Tg-Mlkl-/ mice displayed dramatically improved motor symptoms and reduced hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein expression. More data suggested that MLKL deficiency protected dopaminergic neurons, blocked neuronal cell death, and attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of the microglia and astrocytes. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed reduced microglial cells and damped neuron death in the SN of the Tg-Mlkl-/- mice. Subcluster analysis identified a unique cell type-specific transcriptome profiling in the MLKL deficiency mice. Thus, MLKL represents a critical therapeutic target for reducing neuroinflammation and preventing dopaminergic neuron degeneration.
2023-12-14 | GSE197679 | GEO
Project description:Microglial necroptosis exacerbates neurodegenerative diseases, central nervous system injury and demonstrates a pro-inflammatory process, but its contribution to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poorly characterized. BCL-2 homologous antagonist-killer protein (Bak1), a critical regulatory molecule of endogenous apoptosis, can be involved in the pathological process of necroptosis by regulating mitochondrial permeability. In this study, we revealed microglia undergo necroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and vitro. We found that Bak1 was elevated at 24h after SAH. Knocked-down of Bak1 by adeno-associated virus attenuates microglial necroptosis, alleviates neuroinflammation, and improves neurological function after SAH. To further explore the corresponding mechanisms, oxyhemoglobin induces necroptosis in BV2 microglia, increasing Bak1 expression and mediating pro-inflammatory phenotype transformation, exacerbating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Abrogating BV2 Bak1 reduces necroptosis by downregulating the expression of phosphorylated pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL), then downregulates pro-inflammatory phenotype gene expression. RNA-Seq shows that disrupting BV2 Bak1 downregulates multiple immune and inflammatory pathways and ameliorates cell injury by elevating Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) expression. In summary, we identified a critical regulatory role for Bak1 in microglial necroptosis and neuroinflammation after SAH. Bak1 is expected to be a new therapeutic target, and it provides a new idea for the treatment strategy of SAH.
2022-04-10 | GSE200224 | GEO
Project description:Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most devastating neurodegenerative brain disorders, is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and deposits of α-synuclein aggregates. Currently, pharmacological interventions for PD remain inadequate. The cell necroptosis executor protein MLKL (Mixed-lineage kinase domain-like) is involved in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its precise role in PD remains unclear. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective role of MLKL inhibition or ablation against primary neuronal cells and human iPSC-derived midbrain organoids induced by toxic α-Synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs). Using a mouse model (Tg-Mlkl-/-) generated by crossbreeding the SNCA A53T synuclein transgenic mice with MLKL knockout (KO)mice, we assessed the impact of MLKL deficiency on the progression of Parkinsonian traits. Our findings demonstrate that Tg-Mlkl-/- mice exhibited a significant improvement in motor symptoms and reduced phosphorylated α-synuclein expression compared to the classic A53T transgenic mice. Furthermore, MLKL deficiency alleviated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron loss and attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis of the SN of Tg-Mlkl-/- mice revealed a unique cell type-specific transcriptome profile, including downregulated prostaglandin D synthase (PTGDS) expression, indicating reduced microglial cells and dampened neuron death. Thus, MLKL represents a critical therapeutic target for reducing neuroinflammation and preventing motor deficits in PD.
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Project description:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms(1). Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a platelets-secreted chemokine that can be activated by physical exercise. Recent studies showed that PF4 could improve cognition in aged mice(2), though whether it influences other neurological functions is vague. Here we investigated the role of PF4 in PD and normal aging mice. Intravenous administration of exogenous PF4 ameliorated both motor and non-motor symptoms of MPTP-induced PD mice, accompanying with reduced loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and attenuated neuroinflammation in these regions. RNA sequencing showed that pathways related to inflammation were suppressed by PF4, which were confirmed by qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis. More interestingly, PF4 can also ameliorate the motor and non-motor symptoms after the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and the efficacy can last for 3 weeks after PF4 administration. In addition, an improvement of motor performance and mood by PF4 was also observed in aged but not young mice. Collectively, our results show the potential of PF4 that not only be a therapeutic candidate for PD patients, but also be an option for aged people to improve their neurological performance.
2024-10-28 | GSE280106 | GEO
Project description:Dissect the transcriptional consequences of neuroinflammation and the role of the kinase LRRK2 in regulating neuronal responses in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons exposed to pro-inflammatory conditions relevant to Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Dopaminergic neurons (PD context) and cholinergic neurons (AD context) were differentiated from hiPSCs and subsequently cultured in glial-conditioned medium containing either α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (α-syn pffs) or amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils, for PD and aAD respectively. Neuronal cultures were exposed to inflammed media to model chronic inflammatory stress.
2025-10-02 | GSE308143 | GEO
Project description:In Parkinson's disease, dopaminergic neurons (DANs) in the midbrain gradually degenerate, with ventral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) DANs exhibiting greater vulnerability. However, it remains unclear whether specific molecular subtypes of ventral SNc DANs are more susceptible to degeneration in PD, and if they contribute to the early motor symptoms associated with the disease. We identified a subtype of Sox6+ DANs, Anxa1+, which are selectively lost earlier than other DANs, and with a time course that aligns with the development of motor symptoms in MitoPark mice. We generated a knock-in Cre mouse line for Anxa1+ DANs and showed differential anatomical inputs and outputs of this population. Further, we found that the inhibition of transmitter release in Anxa1+ neurons led to bradykinesia and tremor. This study uncovers the existence of a selectively vulnerable subtype of DANs that is sufficient to drive early motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease.
2025-01-02 | GSE285508 | GEO
Project description:Platelet factor 4 ameliorates motor and mood deficits in Parkinson’s disease
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Project description:Caspase-8 is a protease with both pro-death and pro-survival functions: it is required for apoptosis induced by death receptors such as TNFR1 (tumour necrosis factor receptor 1), and it has a critical role in suppressing necroptosis mediated by the kinase RIPK3 (receptor interacting protein kinase 3) and the pseudokinase MLKL (mixed lineage kinase-like). Mice lacking caspase-8 display MLKL-dependent embryonic lethality, as do mice expressing catalytically inactive caspase-8 mutant C362A. However, Casp8C362A/C362A Mlkl-/- mice die in the perinatal period, whereas Casp8-/- Mlkl-/- mice are viable, indicating that inactive caspase-8 also has a pro-death scaffolding function. Here we show that caspase-8 C362A triggers ASC speck formation and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in MLKL-deficient intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) around embryonic day 18. Pyroptosis contributed to the perinatal lethal phenotype because a number of Casp8 C362A/C362A Mlkl-/- Casp1-/- mice survived beyond weaning. Transfection studies suggested inactive caspase-8 adopts a distinct conformation to wild-type caspase-8, enabling it to engage the caspase-1 adaptor ASC. Wild-type caspase-8 was found in the Triton X-100 soluble fraction, whereas wild-type caspase-8 inhibited with the pan-caspase inhibitor emricasan, or inactive caspase-8 mutant C362A, were detected in the insoluble fraction. Moreover, inhibited or inactive caspase-8 shifted ASC into the insoluble fraction. Perinatal lethality was recapitulated when expression of caspase-8 C362A was restricted to IECs, but intriguingly, only in the absence of MLKL. Hence, unanticipated plasticity in death pathways is revealed such that IECs can undergo caspase-1-dependent death when caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and MLKL-dependent necroptosis are inhibited.
2019-09-20 | GSE132133 | GEO
Project description:Time series of motor neuronal translatomes over the course of neuroinflammation
| PRJNA912145 | ENA
Project description:OBJECTIVES: To detect the expression levels of MLKL and p-MLKL, and explore its potential roles in inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and bone destruction, in human and mouse periapical lesions. METHODS: Forty-six human periapical tissues, including periapical granulomas (PGs, n =26), radicular cysts (RCs, n =20), and eight healthy control tissues were collected. Samples were fixed and analyzed by HE staining, RNA-Seq, western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. A periapical lesion mouse model was induced by pulp exposure in the first lower molars of 15 C57BL/6J mice. After lesion induction, the mice were sacrificed on days 0, 21, and 35. Mandibles were harvested for microcomputed tomography scanning, histologic observation, immunohistochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, and double immunofluorescence analysis. Double immunofluorescence was utilized to assess the colocalization of phosphorylated MLKL (p-MLKL) with CD34, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and Cathepsin K (CTSK) in human and mouse periapical lesions. RESULTS: RNA-Seq analysis showed that, in comparison with healthy gingiva tissues, MLKL was more significantly upregulated in periapical lesions (P-value < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining showed that, MLKL and p-MLKL were significantly overexpressed in the RC and PG groups compared with the control group (P-value < 0.05). However, the difference between the RC and PG groups was insignificant (P-value > 0.05). p-MLKL-positive cells were mainly lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells around the vascular wall. In mouse periapical lesions, the expression levels of p-MLKL were positively correlated with the bone defect area and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) cell amounts (R2=0.4108, P-value < 0.05; R2=0.5668, P-value < 0.05, respectively). The double-labeling analysis showed that p-MLKL colocalized with CD34 and MMP-9 in human samples, and with CTSK adjacent to the bone in mouse periapical lesions. CONCLUSION: MLKL and p-MLKL were overexpressed in human periapical lesions. p-MLKL exhibited a close relationship with angiogenesis and alveolar bone resorption.
2024-10-24 | GSE246108 | GEO