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TGF-β and CIS inhibition overcomes NK cell suppression to restore anti-tumor immunity

ABSTRACT: TGF-β and CIS inhibition overcomes NK cell suppression to restore anti-tumor immunity

PROVIDER: PRJNA823043 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR18600760.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18600761.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18600762.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18600763.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR18600764.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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TGF-β and CIS inhibition overcomes NK cell suppression to restore anti-tumor immunity

Project description:Antibodies targeting “immune checkpoints” have revolutionized cancer therapy by reactivating tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes, primarily CD8 T cells. Interest in targeting analogous pathways in other cytotoxic lymphocytes is growing. Natural killer (NK) cells are key to cancer immunosurveillance by eradicating metastases and driving solid tumor inflammation. NK cell anti-tumor function is dependent on the cytokine interleukin (IL)-15. Ablation of the IL-15 signaling inhibitor CIS (Cish) enhances NK cell anti-tumor immunity by increasing NK cell metabolism and persistence within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME has also been shown to impair NK cell fitness via the production of immunosuppressive TGF-b, a suppression which occurs even in the presence of high IL-15 signaling. Here, we identified an unexpected interaction between CIS and the TGF-b signaling pathway in NK cells. Independently, Cish- and Tgfbr2- deficient NK cells are both hyper-responsive to IL-15 and hypo-responsive to TGF-b, with dramatically enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Remarkably, when both these immunosuppressive genes are simultaneously deleted in NK cells, mice are largely resistant to tumor development, suggesting that combining suppression of these two pathways might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance innate anti-cancer immunity.

2022-04-11 | GSE200134 | GEO

TGF-Î² Tumor Suppression Through A Lethal EMT

Project description:TGF-Î² is a major tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal (GI) and squamous carcinomas, which exhibit frequent genetic inactivation of Smad4, a key TGF-Î² signaling component. Apoptosis is implicated as an important mediator of the tumor suppressive function of TGF-Î², although this process remains poorly understood. To address this long-standing question, we dissected the tumor suppressive action of TGF-Î² in naÃ¯ve pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells. Here we show that TGF-Î²/Smad4 signaling triggers an EMT in Kras-mutant pancreatic progenitor cells but turns this process into a trigger of apoptosis by converting the progenitor cell transcription factor Sox4 from an enforcer of epithelial progenitor identity into an activator of apoptosis. This occurs as a result of the EMT-linked repression of the endodermal master regulator Klf5, which cooperates with Sox4 to promote epithelial progenitor identity, and loss of which unmasks a latent apoptotic transcriptional program driven by Sox4. By losing Smad4, Kras-mutant PDA cells avoid this fate and instead use Sox4 as a TGF-Î²-dependent enforcer of the epithelial progenitor cell state. In this study, 16 RNA-Seq samples and 6 ChIP-Seq samples are included.

2016-02-24 | E-GEOD-72069 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription profiling of human mammary epithelial cell line MDA-MB-468 acking endogenous Smad4 nfected with either an adenovirus carrying GFP cDNA (control) or Smad4 cDNA (to restore the Smad4 activity in the cells). Cells were treated with TGF-b1 (0.5 ng/ml) or BMP-7 (300 ng/ml) for 2 or 12h

Project description:Identification of novel TGF-b1 and BMP-7-regulated genes in epithelial cells.<br> <br> Human mammary epithelial cell line MDA-MB-468 that is lacking endogenous Smad4 was infected with either an adenovirus carrying GFP cDNA (control) or Smad4 cDNA (to restore the Smad4 activity in the cells). Cells were treated with TGF-b1 (0.5 ng/ml) or BMP-7 (300 ng/ml) for 2 or 12h. Smad4-independent vs Smad4-dependent response was measured. Also response to both growth factors was compared.

2004-03-15 | E-MEXP-78 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Suppression of TGF-β/SMAD signaling by an inner nuclear membrane phosphatase complex

Project description:Cytokines of the TGF-β superfamily control essential cell fate decisions via receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) transcription factors. Ligand-induced R-SMAD phosphorylation in the cytosol triggers their activation and nuclear accumulation. We determined how R-SMADs are inactivated by dephosphorylation in the cell nucleus to counteract signaling by TGF-β superfamily ligands. We showed that R-SMAD dephosphorylation is mediated by an inner nuclear membrane associated complex containing the scaffold protein MAN1 and the CTDNEP1/NEP1R1 phosphatase. Structural prediction, domain mapping and mutagenesis revealed that MAN1 binds independently to the CTDNEP1/NEP1R1 phosphatase and R-SMADs to promote their inactivation by dephosphorylation. Disruption of this complex led to nuclear accumulation of R-SMADs and aberrant signaling, even in the absence of TGF-β ligands. These findings establish CTDNEP1/NEP1R1 as the elusive R-SMAD phosphatase and reveal the mechanistic basis for TGF-β signaling inactivation and how this process is disrupted by disease-associated MAN1 mutations.

2025-01-28 | PXD051056 | Pride

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Project description:TGF-β is a major tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal (GI) and squamous carcinomas, which exhibit frequent genetic inactivation of Smad4, a key TGF-β signaling component. Apoptosis is implicated as an important mediator of the tumor suppressive function of TGF-β, although this process remains poorly understood. To address this long-standing question, we dissected the tumor suppressive action of TGF-β in naïve pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells. Here we show that TGF-β/Smad4 signaling triggers an EMT in Kras-mutant pancreatic progenitor cells but turns this process into a trigger of apoptosis by converting the progenitor cell transcription factor Sox4 from an enforcer of epithelial progenitor identity into an activator of apoptosis. This occurs as a result of the EMT-linked repression of the endodermal master regulator Klf5, which cooperates with Sox4 to promote epithelial progenitor identity, and loss of which unmasks a latent apoptotic transcriptional program driven by Sox4. By losing Smad4, Kras-mutant PDA cells avoid this fate and instead use Sox4 as a TGF-β-dependent enforcer of the epithelial progenitor cell state.

2016-02-24 | GSE72069 | GEO

Profiling and Rewiring Dysfunctional NK cells to Restore Anti-Tumor Activity

Project description:Profiling and Rewiring Dysfunctional NK cells to Restore Anti-Tumor Activity

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TGF-β1 induces bone marrow NK cells dysfunction

Project description:TGF-β1 is a cytokine of the bone morphogenetic protein–activin family and commonly regarded as the most powerful immunosuppressive cytokine

2023-11-22 | GSE190546 | GEO

Expression data of CIS-deleted NK cells

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A TGF-ß-induced cis-regulatory long non-coding RNA eSNAI1 activates SNAI1 enhancer and stimulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells [CRISPR screen, activation]

Project description:Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling stimulates cell movement and plasticity by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process is aberrantly activated in cancer and facilitates tumor cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this study, we identified the lncRNA eSNAI1 (SCREEM2) as a potent activator of TGF-β/SMAD signaling and SNAI1 expression. eSNAI1 depletion reduces TGF-β-induced EMT, migration, in vivo extravasation, stemness, and chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer cells. eSNAI1 promotes TGF-β/SMAD signaling by inhibiting TGF-β type I receptor polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. eSNAI1 stimulates the expression of the nearby gene SNAI1, which encodes the EMT transcription factor SNAI1 that facilitates TGF-β/SMAD signaling by retaining the inhibitory SMAD7 in the nucleus. Mechanistically, eSNAI1 acts as an enhancer RNA (eRNA) to potentiate SNAI1 expression through in-cis regulation. Furthermore, we uncovered that eSNAI1 interacts with and reinforces the binding of the co-activator bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) to the H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac)-enriched SNAI1 enhancer region. Our findings identify eSNAI1 as a potent activator of TGF-β signaling and a promising therapeutic target to mitigate overactive TGF-β signaling and EMT in cancer cells.

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Subverting TGF-β suppression by knocking out SMAD4 enhances human NK cell anti-tumor function

Project description:Engineering TGF-β-resistant NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.

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