Project description:Origanum oil (ORO), garlic oil (GAO), and peppermint oil (PEO) were shown to effectively lower methane production, decrease abundance of methanogens, and change abundances of several bacterial populations important to feed digestion in vitro. In this study, the impact of these essential oils (EOs, at 0.50 g/L), on the rumen bacterial community composition was further examined using the recently developed RumenBactArray.
Project description:A healthy rumen is crucial for normal growth and improved production performance of ruminant animals. Rumen microbes participate in and regulate rumen epithelial function, and the diverse metabolites produced by rumen microbes are important participants in rumen microbe-host interactions. SCFAs, as metabolites of rumen microbes, have been widely studied, and propionate and butyrate have been proven to promote rumen epithelial cell proliferation. Succinate, as an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle, is a final product in the metabolism of certain rumen microbes, and is also an intermediate product in the microbial synthesis pathway of propionate. However, its effect on rumen microbes and rumen epithelial function has not been studied. It is unclear whether succinate can stimulate rumen epithelial development. Therefore, in this experiment, Chinese Tan sheep were used as experimental animals to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the rumen microbiota community structure and rumen epithelial transcriptome, to explore the role of adding succinate to the diet in the interaction between the rumen microbiota and host.
Project description:While rapid progress has been made to characterize the bacterial and archaeal populations of the rumen microbiome, insight into how they interact with keystone protozoal species remains elusive. Here, we reveal two distinct rumen community types (RCT-A and RCT-B) that are not strongly associated with host phenotype nor genotype but instead linked to protozoal community patterns. We leveraged a series of multi-omic datasets to show that the dominant Epidinium spp. in animals with RCT-B employ a plethora of fiber-degrading enzymes that present enriched Prevotella spp. a favorable carbon landscape to forage upon. Conversely, animals with RCT-A, dominated by genera Isotricha and Entodinium, harbor a more even distribution of fiber, protein, and amino acid metabolizers, reflected by higher detection of metabolites from both protozoal and bacterial activity. We reveal microbiome variation across key protozoal and bacterial populations is interlinked, which should act as an important consideration for future development of microbiome-based technologies.
Project description:A total of 14 samples were used, 12 paired rumen and colon samples, and two rumen only samples. DNA was extracted from each sample, and PCR amplified using universal bacterial primers 27F and 1492R. Trends between anatomical location, age and sex were considered.
Project description:In order to investigate the diurnal oscillations of ruminal bacteria, and their responses to the changes in different feeding patterns, we conducted an animal experiment by feeding the sheep ad libitum with a hay-based diet (50% of alfalfa hay and 46% of oats hay) and a grain-based diet (45% of corn meal and 11% of soybean meal) for 30 days, and ruminal fluid samples were collected at six different timepoints from T2 to T22 in one day, and the composition and diversity of the bacterial communities in rumen microbiomes of the sheep in the Grain-diet and Hay-diet groups at different timepoints were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing.
Project description:Four mature, non-lactating dairy cattle were transitioned from a high forage diet (HF; 0% grain) to a high grain diet (HG; 65% grain) that was fed for three weeks. Rumen papillae biopsies were performed during the HF baseline (week 0) and after the first (week 1) and third week (week 3) of the grain challenge to create a transcript profile for the the short and long-term adaption of the rumen epithelium during ruminal acidosis. Comparison between three weekly means (n=4 for each week, 12 arrays in total)
Project description:To investigate the effect of soy peptides on gut microial composition during juvenile social isolation, group-house (GH) and social isolation (SI) mice were fed a diet consisting of soy peptides or a control diet for 4 weeks post-weaning. We then performed microbial community analysis using data obtained from bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the fecal samples of 4 mice groups (control diet-fed GH, soy peptide-diet fed GH, control diet-fed SI, and soy peptide-diet fed SI mice).
