Project description:We used RNA-Seq to compare transcriptional responses of M. anisopliae and M. acridum to infection of the optically clear hind wings of adult locusts and cockroaches. It was calculated that >82% of predicted M. anisopliae genes and >88% of predicted M. acridum genes were expressed during pre-penetration growth. Germination and growth by M. anisopliae and M. acridum on either insect triggered high level expression of genes associated with translation and post-translational modifications. Between 6 to 10% of the genes that were highly expressed by M. anisopliae and M. acridum on host cuticles encoded cell wall proteins. Consistent with early host recognition events being key to establishing specificity, M. acridum but not M. anisopliae transcribed different Pth11-like GPCRs on locust and cockroach cuticles, thus differential activation of different signaling pathways. Examination of gene differential expressions by two different Metarhizium speceis on two different insects cuticles
Project description:Seed germination represents a critical developmental transition in spermatophytes. Gibberellins (GAs) are essential phytohormones regulating seed germination. GA2-oxidases (GA2ox) play a key role in modulating GA levels by converting active GAs to inactive forms, critically influencing seed development and germination. How seed germination is epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation is poorly understood. Here, we identified the tomato methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) protein SlMBD5 as a regulator of seed germination. The slmbd5 mutant exhibits delayed germination and reduced GA4/GA7 levels, which can be rescued by exogenous GA4+7 application. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses revealed that SlMBD5 represses the GA catabolism gene SlGA2ox4 by directly binding to its hypermethylated promoter. Furthermore, we show that SlMBD5 interacts with the histone methylation reader SlEBS, forming a functional complex that promotes the transcriptional repression of SlGA2ox4. Consistent with the model that SIMBD5 promotes seed germination through its repression of SlGA2ox4, the slmbd5/slga2ox4 double mutant shows partially restored germination. This study thus reveals an SlMBD5-SlEBS module that epigenetically regulates GA homeostasis to modulate seed germination in tomato.
Project description:Seed germination represents a critical developmental transition in spermatophytes. Gibberellins (GAs) are essential phytohormones regulating seed germination. GA2-oxidases (GA2ox) play a key role in modulating GA levels by converting active GAs to inactive forms, critically influencing seed development and germination. How seed germination is epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation is poorly understood. Here, we identified the tomato methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) protein SlMBD5 as a regulator of seed germination. The slmbd5 mutant exhibits delayed germination and reduced GA4/GA7 levels, which can be rescued by exogenous GA4+7 application. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses revealed that SlMBD5 represses the GA catabolism gene SlGA2ox4 by directly binding to its hypermethylated promoter. Furthermore, we show that SlMBD5 interacts with the histone methylation reader SlEBS, forming a functional complex that promotes the transcriptional repression of SlGA2ox4. Consistent with the model that SIMBD5 promotes seed germination through its repression of SlGA2ox4, the slmbd5/slga2ox4 double mutant shows partially restored germination. This study thus reveals an SlMBD5-SlEBS module that epigenetically regulates GA homeostasis to modulate seed germination in tomato.
Project description:Chloramphenicol (CAM) is recognized as one such factor that influence the seed germination. However, the mechanism by which CAM induced suppression on rice germination remains uncertain. To investigate the effect of CAM on rice seed germination, changes in the global profile of phosphorylated proteins induced by CAM were analyzed using LC-MS/MS.
2025-03-25 | PXD050963 | JPOST Repository
Project description:Conidia germination of Cordyceps militaris and Metarhizium anisopliae
Project description:Although most known mycoviruses are asymptomatic or reduce the virulence of their host fungi, those that confer hypervirulence to entomopathogenic fungus still need to be explored. Here, we discovered and studied a novel mycovirus in Metarhizium flavoviride, isolated from Laodelphax striatellus. Based on molecular analysis, we tentatively designated the mycovirus as Metarhizium flavoviride partitivirus 1 (MfPV1), a novel species in genus Gammapartitivirus, family Partitiviridae. MfPV1 has two double-stranded (ds) RNAs as its genome, 1,775 and 1,575 bp in size respectively, encapsidated in isometric particles. When we transfected commercial strains of M. anisopliae and M. pingshaense with MfPV1, conidiation was significantly enhanced (t-test; P-value < 0. 01), and the significantly higher mortality rates of the larvae of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera frugiperda, two important lepidopteran pests were found in virus-transfected strains (ANOVA; P-value < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that transcript levels of pathogenesis-related genes in MfPV1-infected M. anisopliae were obviously altered, suggesting increased production of metarhizium adhesin-like protein, hydrolyzed protein and destruxin synthetase. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism whereby MfPV1 enhances the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and virulence of Metarhizium to lepidopteran pests. This study presents experimental evidence that the transfection of other entomopathogenic fungal species with a mycovirus can confer significant hypervirulence and provides a good example that mycoviruses could be used as synergistic agent to enhance the biocontrol activity of entomopathogenic fungi.