Project description:Myocardial fibrosis occurs in a variety of cardiac diseases. As one of the markers of cardiac activated-myofibroblast protein, NONO may be involved in this process while the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. NONO, assumed to hold a role in the regulation of global transcriptome profile in cardiac fibrotic, was silenced in rat cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq and improved RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (iRIP-seq) were used to analyze the dysregulated transcriptome by NONO, as well as the NONO-bound RNAs in the control and siNONO group. Quantitative PCR and western blotting were applied to determine NONO-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels in rat cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq and iRIP-seq were successfully performed, and NONO-bound RNAs were characterized.
Project description:Myocardial fibrosis occurs in a variety of cardiac diseases. As one of the markers of cardiac activated-myofibroblast protein, NONO may be involved in this process while the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. NONO, assumed to hold a role in the regulation of global transcriptome profile in cardiac fibrotic, was silenced in rat cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq and improved RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (iRIP-seq) were used to analyze the dysregulated transcriptome by NONO, as well as the NONO-bound RNAs in the control and siNONO group. Quantitative PCR and western blotting were applied to determine NONO-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels in rat cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq and iRIP-seq were successfully performed, and NONO-bound RNAs were characterized.
Project description:5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), a derivative of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), is abundant in the brain for unknown reasons. We mapped the genomic distribution of 5-hmC and 5-mC in human and mouse tissues using glucosylation of 5-hmC coupled with restriction enzyme digestion, and interrogation on microarrays. We detected 5-hmC enrichment in genes with synapse-related functions in the brain. We also identified significant, tissue-specific differential distributions of these DNA modifications at the exon-intron boundary, in both human and mouse. This boundary change was mainly due to 5-hmC in the brain, but due to 5-mC in non-neural contexts. This pattern was replicated in multiple independent datasets, and the brain-specific change in 5-hmC was validated using single-molecule sequencing. Moreover, in the brain, constitutive exons contained higher levels of 5-hmC, relative to alternatively-spliced exons. Our study suggests a novel role for 5-hmC in RNA splicing and synaptic function in the brain
Project description:5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), a derivative of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), is abundant in the brain for unknown reasons. We mapped the genomic distribution of 5-hmC and 5-mC in human and mouse tissues using glucosylation of 5-hmC coupled with restriction enzyme digestion, and interrogation on microarrays. We detected 5-hmC enrichment in genes with synapse-related functions in the brain. We also identified significant, tissue-specific differential distributions of these DNA modifications at the exon-intron boundary, in both human and mouse. This boundary change was mainly due to 5-hmC in the brain, but due to 5-mC in non-neural contexts. This pattern was replicated in multiple independent datasets, and the brain-specific change in 5-hmC was validated using single-molecule sequencing. Moreover, in the brain, constitutive exons contained higher levels of 5-hmC, relative to alternatively-spliced exons. Our study suggests a novel role for 5-hmC in RNA splicing and synaptic function in the brain
Project description:5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), a derivative of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), is abundant in the brain for unknown reasons. We mapped the genomic distribution of 5-hmC and 5-mC in human and mouse tissues using glucosylation of 5-hmC coupled with restriction enzyme digestion, and interrogation on microarrays. We detected 5-hmC enrichment in genes with synapse-related functions in the brain. We also identified significant, tissue-specific differential distributions of these DNA modifications at the exon-intron boundary, in both human and mouse. This boundary change was mainly due to 5-hmC in the brain, but due to 5-mC in non-neural contexts. This pattern was replicated in multiple independent datasets, and the brain-specific change in 5-hmC was validated using single-molecule sequencing. Moreover, in the brain, constitutive exons contained higher levels of 5-hmC, relative to alternatively-spliced exons. Our study suggests a novel role for 5-hmC in RNA splicing and synaptic function in the brain The M-NM-2-glucosyltransferase (BGT) enzyme transfers a glucose molecule specifically to the hydroxymethyl group of 5-hmC, thus rendering it resistant to digestion by the methylation insensitive MspI enzyme at the ChmCGG target site; 5-hmC is thus detected by differential resistance to MspI-digestion with and without glucosylation of genomic DNA (gDNA). HpaII (targets the same site, CCGG) cannot cut CmCGG or ChmCGG, and conceptually its difference with MspI digestion is a measure of both 5-mC and 5-hmC. Subtraction of 5-hmC from the HpaII-based estimate therefore measures 5-mC. These estimates were measured on respective Affymetrix whole-genome tiling arrays (2.0 R ) MspI - APRIL_fc1.ch02_coverage.bed Undigested DNA - APRIL_fc1.ch01_coverage.bed GluMspI - APRIL_fc1.ch04_coverage_NONTARGET.bed GluMspI - APRIL_fc1.ch04_coverage.bed MspI - APRIL_fc1.ch02_coverage_NONTARGET.bed Undigested DNA - APRIL_fc1.ch01_coverage_NONTARGET.bed MspI - MARCH_fc1.ch02_coverage_NONTARGET.bed Undigested DNA - MARCH_fc1.ch01_coverage_NONTARGET.bed GluMspI - MARCH_fc1.ch04_coverage_NONTARGET.bed GluMspI - MARCH_fc1.ch04_coverage.bed MspI - MARCH_fc1.ch02_coverage.bed Undigested DNA - MARCH_fc1.ch01_coverage.bed MspI - MAY_fc1.ch02_coverage.bed GluMspI - MAY_fc1.ch04_coverage_NONTARGET.bed GluMspI - MAY_fc1.ch04_coverage.bed Undigested DNA - MAY_fc1.ch01_coverage.bed MspI - MAY_fc1.ch02_coverage_NONTARGET.bed Undigested DNA - MAY_fc1.ch01_coverage_NONTARGET.bed
Project description:We identified non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO), a Drosophila behavior human splicing (DBHS) protein, among the most upregulated mRNA splicing factors in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). NONO was associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients, and overexpression of NONO promoted GBM cell proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis in a GBM orthotopic xenograft model. Through RNA sequencing based transcriptomic profiling, we found that knockdown of NONO resulted in global changes in alternative splicing-intron retention, and identified GPX1 and CCN1 as two pre-mRNAs targeted by NONO. NONO directly bound to the intron of GPX1 pre-mRNA through the RNA-recognition motifs 2 (RRM2) domain and required interaction with another DBHS protein family member, PSPC1. Knockdown of NONO interfered with redox homeostasis in cells, at least partially, through abnormal splicing of GPX1. Finally, Auranofin, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting NONO, inhibited GBM growth in an orthotopic xenograft model in mice. Taken together, our data revealed that NONO was a key regulator of mRNA splicing in GBM, and that targeting NONO represents a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GBM.
Project description:We identified non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO), a Drosophila behavior human splicing (DBHS) protein, among the most upregulated mRNA splicing factors in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). NONO was associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients, and overexpression of NONO promoted GBM cell proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis in a GBM orthotopic xenograft model. Through RNA sequencing based transcriptomic profiling, we found that knockdown of NONO resulted in global changes in alternative splicing-intron retention, and identified GPX1 and CCN1 as two pre-mRNAs targeted by NONO. NONO directly bound to the intron of GPX1 pre-mRNA through the RNA-recognition motifs 2 (RRM2) domain and required interaction with another DBHS protein family member, PSPC1. Knockdown of NONO interfered with redox homeostasis in cells, at least partially, through abnormal splicing of GPX1. Finally, Auranofin, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting NONO, inhibited GBM growth in an orthotopic xenograft model in mice. Taken together, our data revealed that NONO was a key regulator of mRNA splicing in GBM, and that targeting NONO represents a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GBM.