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Shared features of blastula and neural crest stem cells evolved at the base of vertebrates

ABSTRACT: Shared features of blastula and neural crest stem cells evolved at the base of vertebrates

PROVIDER: PRJNA845214 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR19537900.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR19537901.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR19537902.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR19537903.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR19537904.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Shared features of blastula and neural crest stem cells evolved at the base of vertebrates

Project description:We address the evolutionary origins of vertebrate pluripotency by comparing the development of neural crest and blastula stem cells using representatives from both jawed (Xenopus) and jawless (lamprey) vertebrates.

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Shared features of blastula and neural crest stem cells evolved at the base of vertebrates.

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Ancient vertebrate dermal armor evolved from trunk neural crest

Project description:Bone is an evolutionary novelty of vertebrates, likely to have first emerged as part of ancestral dermal armor that consisted of osteogenic and odontogenic components. Whether these early vertebrate structures arose from mesoderm or neural crest cells has been a matter of considerable debate. To examine the developmental origin of the bony part of the dermal armor, we have performed in vivo lineage tracing in the sterlet sturgeon, a representative of non-teleost ray-finned fish that has retained an extensive postcranial dermal skeleton. The results definitively show that sterlet trunk neural crest cells give rise to osteoblasts of the scutes. Transcriptional profiling further reveals neural crest gene signature in sterlet scutes as well as bichir scales. Finally, histological and microCT analysis of ray-finned fish dermal armor show that their scales and scutes are formed by bone, dentin and hypermineralized covering tissues, in various combinations, that resemble those of the first armored vertebrates. Taken together, our results support a primitive skeletogenic role for the neural crest along the entire body axis, that was later progressively restricted to the cranial region during vertebrate evolution. Thus, the neural crest was a crucial evolutionary innovation driving the origin and diversification of dermal armor along the entire body axis.

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Neural crest origin of sympathetic neurons at the dawn of vertebrates

Project description:he neural crest is an embryonic stem cell population unique to vertebrates whose expansion and diversification are thought to have promoted vertebrate evolution by enabling emergence of novel cell types and structures like jaws and peripheral ganglia2. While basal vertebrates have sensory ganglia, convention has it that trunk sympathetic chain ganglia arose only in jawed vertebrates. In contrast, here we report the presence of trunk sympathetic neurons in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, an extant jawless vertebrate. These neurons arise from sympathoblasts near the dorsal aorta that undergo noradrenergic specification via a transcriptional program homologous to that described in gnathostomes. Lamprey sympathoblasts populate the extracardiac space and extend along the length of the trunk in bilateral streams, expressing the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine -hydroxylase. CM-DiI lineage tracing analysis further confirmed that these cells derive from the trunk neural crest. RNA-seq of isolated ammocete trunk sympathoblasts revealed gene profiles characteristic of sympathetic neuron function. Our findings challenge prevailing dogma which posits that sympathetic ganglia are a gnathostome innovation, instead suggesting that a late-developing rudimentary sympathetic nervous system may have been characteristic of the earliest vertebrates.

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Ectothermic vertebrates evolved gut-associated germinal center-like structures

Project description:Germinal centers (GCs), specialized microanatomical structures that emerged in endothermic vertebrates, serve as critical hubs for immune surveillance and lymphocyte activation. The constant exposure to foodborne pathogens drives the evolutionary selection for potent gut mucosal immune defenses in vertebrate species. Despite retaining ancestral ectothermic traits including underdeveloped lymph nodes, teleost fish have evolved specialized gut-associated lymphoid tissue capable of generating robust antigen-specific immune responses. How and where ectothermic vertebrates initiate adaptive immunity in the gut remains enigmatic. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we comprehensively mapped the dynamic immune landscape of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the gut and head kidney (HK) following Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV) challenge. Strikingly, lymphocytes within gut exhibited pronounced upregulation of memory-related genes upon secondary viral exposure, oncomitant with robust expression of canonical GC markers in B cells. Furthermore, using FISH, we observed SVCV co-localization with CXCR5⁺ B cells within the lamina propria basement of the gut and perivascular niches of the HK, encircled by a peripheral ring of AICDA⁺/MKI67⁺/CXCR4⁺ B cells. Notably, within these same microanatomical niches, we detected distinct aggregates composed of highly proliferative IgM⁺ B cells undergoing significant apoptosis and antigen (Ag)-specific B cells. Collectively, our findings reveal that teleosts have evolved GC-like structures in the gut, offering novel insights into the evolutionary origins of GCs.

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Ancient vertebrate dermal armor evolved from trunk neural crest

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Project description: Not available