Project description:The recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into immunosuppressive cells is associated with the negative outcome of non-conformal radiotherapy (RT). However, non-conformal RT is irrelevant in the clinic, and little is known about the role of monocytes following radiotherapy modes used in patients, such as conformal radiotherapy (CRT). Here, we investigated the acute immune infiltration post-CRT. Contrary to non-conformal RT approaches, we found that CRT induces a rapid and robust recruitment of monocytes to the tumor that minimally differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) or dendritic cells (DC), but instead upregulate major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) and costimulatory molecules. We establish that these large numbers of infiltrating monocytes are responsible for increasing type I interferon in the tumor microenvironment (TME), activation of CD8+ T cells and the reduction in tumor burden. Importantly, we demonstrate that rapid monocyte infiltration to the TME is hindered when RT inadvertently affects healthy tissues. Our results unravel a positive role of monocytes during clinically relevant modes of RT and demonstrate that limiting exposure of healthy tissues to radiation has a positive therapeutic effect on the overall immune response within the tumor. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the transcriptional changes in CD8+ T cells following different modes of radiation at 3 days post treatment
Project description:To evaluate how intratumoral CD8+ T-cells are influenced by radiotherapy, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of CD8+ T-cells sorted from MC38-OVA tumors 6 days after radiotherapy (single dose, 20Gy).
Project description:The recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into immunosuppressive cells is associated with the negative outcome of non-conformal radiotherapy (RT). However, non-conformal RT is irrelevant in the clinic, and little is known about the role of monocytes following radiotherapy modes used in patients, such as conformal radiotherapy (CRT). Here, we investigated the acute immune infiltration post-CRT. Contrary to non-conformal RT approaches, we found that CRT induces a rapid and robust recruitment of monocytes to the tumor that minimally differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) or dendritic cells (DC), but instead upregulate major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) and costimulatory molecules. We establish that these large numbers of infiltrating monocytes are responsible for increasing type I interferon in the tumor microenvironment (TME), activation of CD8+ T cells and the reduction in tumor burden. Importantly, we demonstrate that rapid monocyte infiltration to the TME is hindered when RT inadvertently affects healthy tissues. Our results unravel a positive role of monocytes during clinically relevant modes of RT and demonstrate that limiting exposure of healthy tissues to radiation has a positive therapeutic effect on the overall immune response within the tumor. The objective of this experiment was to evaulate the transcriptional changes in monocytes following different modes of radiation at 3 days post treatment
Project description:The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to resistance against checkpoint inhibitors. However, the precise factors that shape the immune contexture of the TME remain elusive. Here, we report that Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein 4 (SSBP4), a previously uncharacterized protein, suppresses intratumoral T-cell activation by promoting excessive cholesteryl ester production in tumor cells. Overexpression of SSBP4 in tumor cells decreased T-cell infiltration and accelerated tumor growth in murine syngeneic tumor models. Conversely, genetic ablation of SSBP4 in tumor cells enhanced T-cell infiltration and inhibited tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell–-dependent manner. Mechanistically, SSBP4 upregulated cholesterol synthesis genes, leading to increased production of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in tumor cells, which directly suppressed CD8+ T-cell activation and function. Furthermore, SSBP4 abrogation significantly improved the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment. Thus, in this study, we have identified SSBP4 as a cancer cell–intrinsic regulator of cholesterol metabolism that contributes to tumor immune evasion. Immune-related gene expression was quantified using the Nanostring nCounter Myeloid Innate Immunity Panel. Total RNA was isolated from splenic CD8 T cells of C57BL/6 mice, where were cultured with conditioned media from SSBP4-wildtype or knockout B16F10 tumor cells. RNA was extracted from CD8 T cells, hybridized, scanned on a Nanostring Digital Analyzer, and raw RCC files were generated. Raw count data were processed and normalized in nSolver software for downstream immune transcriptome profiling.
Project description:RNA Sequencing of Intratumoral Immune Populations in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Following Radiotherapy and Interleukin 12 Treatment
Project description:While T cell accumulation in tumors is associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), many T cell-rich tumors fail to respond to ICB. Here we leveraged a large neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade trial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to search for correlates of ICB response within T cell-rich tumors. Paired scRNAseq/TCRseq of nearly one million immune cells revealed that tumor responses to ICB correlated with significant clonal expansion of intratumoral CH25H+CXCL13+IL-21+CD4 T cells and GranzymeK+PD-1+CD8 effector T cells, whereas terminally exhausted CD39hiToxhiPD-1hi CD8 clones dominated in non-responders. Notably, proliferating and progenitor CD8 T cells clones were found in tumors of responders and non-responders. However, tumors from responders were highly enriched in mregDCs, a DC state triggered by capture of tumor debris, which formed physically interacting cellular triads with Tfh-like CD4 and progenitor-like CD8 T cells. Receptor-ligand analysis revealed unique interactions within these triads that may promote progenitor CD8 T cell differentiation into effector cells upon PD-1 blockade. These results suggest that discrete cellular niches that include mregDCs and Tfh-like CD4 T cells might control the differentiation of tumor-specific progenitor CD8 T cell clones into effective anti-tumor T cells in human tumors.