Project description:The study was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in 1) whole flies that were fed a high sugar diet (HSD), in comparison to flies treated with control diet (CD), and 2) HSD male line derived F1 and F2 progenies, compared to that derived through CD male line. The ancestral HSD exposure of F1 or F2 flies was thus limited only to F0 males. However, besides comparing F1 and F2 flies raised on CD, the F1 and F2 flies treated with HSD were also compared. F0 HSD females were profiled but not used for the mating purpose.
Project description:The maturation-inducing hormone 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) was first identified in the amago salmon. However, although carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD) was reported to convert 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-P) to DHP in rainbow trout, we previously found that CR/20beta-HSD mRNA was not up-regulated in stimulated granulosa cells from masu salmon, which suggests that DHP is synthesized by a different enzyme. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the specific 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20beta-HSD) responsible for DHP production by granulosa cells during final oocyte maturation in masu salmon. Granulosa layers were isolated from ovarian follicles at one month before ovulation and incubated with or without forskolin, which was used to mimic luteinizing hormone. Subsequent RNA-sequencing yielded ~12 million reads, with an average length of 51 bp, and 71,062 contigs of >100 bp were constructed. Of the 953 contigs that were exclusively constructed from the reads of forskolin-induced granulosa layers, tBlastx analysis identified one contig (#f103496) that matched 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12. We found that mammalian cells transfected with full-length omhsd17beta12l exhibited considerable 20beta-HSD activity, as indicated by efficient conversion of exogenous 17alpha-P to DHP. In addition, we found that omhsd17beta12l mRNA levels were consistently low in follicles during vitellogenic growth; however, the levels increased significantly during final oocyte maturation. The levels of omhsd17beta12l mRNA were also considerably increased in granulosa layers in which 20beta-HSD activity was induced by salmon pituitary extract. Therefore, we suggest that omhsd17beta12l, not CR/20beta-HSD, is the 20beta-HSD responsible for DHP production by granulosa cells in masu salmon during final oocyte maturation. Comparison of mRNA levels between control and forskolin-incubated sample.
Project description:Chromosome 2 introgression from normotensive Brown Norway (BN) rats into hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) background (consomic S2B) reduced blood pressure (BP) and vascular inflammation under normal salt diet (NSD). We hypothesized that BN chromosome 2 contains anti-inflammatory genes that could reduce BP elevation and vascular inflammation in rats fed NSD and high salt diet (HSD). We used chromosome 2 fragment substitutions to map chromosome 2 portion associated with vascular inflammation changes and next generation sequencing (NGS) to profile microRNAs in thoracic descending aorta of SS and congenic rats fed NSD or HSD.
Project description:To investigate the mRNA expression of purified tumour-infiltrating M-MDSCs from the NSD or HSD group, we employed Agilent Whole Genome Oligo Microarrays (one-color) as a discovery platform to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NSD and HSD group. We identified 5391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) comprising 2586 upregulated and 2805 downregulated genes with a fold change greater than 1.5 between M-MDSCs from the NSD and HSD groups. Subsequently, the results demonstrated a significant shift towards an antitumour pro-inflammatory phenotype in HSD-fed mice with a dominant increase in NOS2, TNF, IL-12a, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) expression and a decrease in lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C1 (Ly6C1), C-C-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and CCL2 expression. Among these differences, the difference in the expression of IL-12, TNF-α, NOS2, IL-10 and arginase 1 (Arg1) was confirmed by ELISA or qRT-PCR . Meanwhile, the 2,586 DEGs upregulated (fold change >1.5) in M-MDSCs from the HSD group were markedly enriched in processes involving cytokine production, cell chemotaxis, INF-γ production, cell maturation, osmotic stress responses, acute inflammatory responses, etc. In addition, Analysis of the microarray dataset indicated that the expression of 2 key TFs (activating transcription factor 2 [ATF2] and NFAT5) responsible for osmotic stress was enhanced in the M-MDSCs from the HSD group . We further found that NFAT5 expression was significantly upregulated in M-MDSCs from the HSD group but that there was no difference in ATF2 expression between the two groups in both tumour models.
Project description:The maturation-inducing hormone 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) was first identified in the amago salmon. However, although carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD) was reported to convert 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-P) to DHP in rainbow trout, we previously found that CR/20beta-HSD mRNA was not up-regulated in stimulated granulosa cells from masu salmon, which suggests that DHP is synthesized by a different enzyme. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the specific 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20beta-HSD) responsible for DHP production by granulosa cells during final oocyte maturation in masu salmon. Granulosa layers were isolated from ovarian follicles at one month before ovulation and incubated with or without forskolin, which was used to mimic luteinizing hormone. Subsequent RNA-sequencing yielded ~12 million reads, with an average length of 51 bp, and 71,062 contigs of >100 bp were constructed. Of the 953 contigs that were exclusively constructed from the reads of forskolin-induced granulosa layers, tBlastx analysis identified one contig (#f103496) that matched 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12. We found that mammalian cells transfected with full-length omhsd17beta12l exhibited considerable 20beta-HSD activity, as indicated by efficient conversion of exogenous 17alpha-P to DHP. In addition, we found that omhsd17beta12l mRNA levels were consistently low in follicles during vitellogenic growth; however, the levels increased significantly during final oocyte maturation. The levels of omhsd17beta12l mRNA were also considerably increased in granulosa layers in which 20beta-HSD activity was induced by salmon pituitary extract. Therefore, we suggest that omhsd17beta12l, not CR/20beta-HSD, is the 20beta-HSD responsible for DHP production by granulosa cells in masu salmon during final oocyte maturation.
Project description:Placentation differs in the BN rat strain when compared to HSD and DSS rat strains. Intrauterine trophoblast invasion is shallow and the junctional zone is underdeveloped in the BN rat. These structural differences are striking but their quantification is not conducive to high throughput analyses. In the rat, the junctional zone can be readily dissected and is more homogenous than other components of the placentation site. HSD and BN rat gestation day 18.5 junctional zone gene expression profiles were determined using DNA microarray analysis to identity placenta-associate quantitate traits. Total RNAs from Junctional zone tissues of gestation day18.5 HSD and BN rat strains were subjected to microarray analyses. Three biological replicates of each strains were analyzed.
Project description:Purpose: Although clinical evidence suggests that high salt intake is associated with NAFLD, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We sought to investigate whether salt-induced inflammation in liver is dependent on SIRT3 reduction. Methods: 6-week-old male SIRT3 knockout or their wild-type littermates were fed with high salt diet (HSD, containing 8% NaCl) or normal salt diet (NSD, containing 0.4% NaCl) for 4 months. And then their liver tissues were removed and total RNA was extracted to perform RNA sequencing. Results: 1850 differentially upregulated expressed genes were identified when comparing HSD group (HSD1, HSD2) to NSD group (NSD WT1, NSD2). Meanwhile, 1246 differentially upregulated expressed genes in response to SIRT3 knockout were determined (each group containing 3 samples). we observed that the common genes upregulated by both HSD and knockout of SIRT3 were enriched in immune system, including Tnf, Ccl2, etc. In addition, the common genes upregulated by knockout of SIRT3 in both NSD and HSD group were still enriched in the immune system. Conclusions: Through RNA-seq, we determined that HSD-induced hepatic inflammtion was highly similar to the effect of SIRT3 knockout, suggesting that reduction of SIRT3 expression is the main reason leading to salt-induced hepatic inflammation.
Project description:Adult male rats of the PD/Cub (PD hereafter) strains were fed a laboratory chow diet (STD, ssniff RZ, ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany). At the age of 12 months, rats within each strain were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD, sucrose 70 cal%) while the experimental group was fed a HSD fortified with quercetin (10 g/kg food, Sigma-Aldrich).
Project description:Adult male rats of the SHR/OlaIpcv (SHR hereafter) and SHR.PD-Zbtb16 strains were fed a laboratory chow diet (STD, ssniff RZ, ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany). At the age of 12 months, rats within each strain were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD, sucrose 70 cal%) while the experimental group was fed a HSD fortified with quercetin (10 g/kg food, Sigma-Aldrich).
Project description:We showed in this present study that HSD feeding could induce type 2 diabetes-like phenotype in fruit flies, resembling the key disease features including hyperglycemia, glucosuria, increased hunger and thirsty, unexplained weight loss, and reduced female fecundity. We also showed that HSD-fed flies shared similar molecular mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes patients, including both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Last but not least, disrupting insulin signaling in fruit flies could mimic the effect of HSD feeding to induce type 2 diabetes-like phenotype, further confirming that these phenotypes were a result of compromised insulin signaling upon HSD feeding. Taken together, we demonstrated that this diet-induced type 2 diabetes model in fruit flies rightly and comprehensively recapitulated the physiological, metabolic, behavioral, and molecular features of human type 2 diabetes, offering a valid and accessible model to study the underlying mechanism of this disease and to validate potential diagnostics and therapeutic tools. Given the highly conserved regulatory framework of physiology and metabolism between flies and human, our work has paved a way to generate novel insights into type 2 diabetes, a common, severe, and yet poorly understood disease in human.