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The two enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate differentially regulate cytotoxic T cell function

ABSTRACT: The two enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate differentially regulate cytotoxic T cell function

PROVIDER: PRJNA877113 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR21434163_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR21434163_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR21434164_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR21434164_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR21434165_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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The two enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate differentially regulate cytotoxic T cell function

Project description:2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is a by-product of the TCA cycle, and is readily detected in the tissues of healthy individuals. 2HG is found in two enantiomeric forms: S-2HG and R-2HG. Here, we investigate the differential roles of these two enantiomers in CD8+ T cell biology, where we found they had highly divergent effects on proliferation, differentiation, and T cell function. We show here an analysis of structural determinants that likely underlie these differential effects on specific a-ketoglutarate (aKG)-dependent enzymes. Treatment of CD8+ T cells with exogenous S-2HG, but not R-2HG, increased CD8+ T cell fitness in vivo, and enhanced anti-tumour activity. These data show that S-2HG and R-2HG should be considered as two distinct and important actors in the regulation of T cell function.

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Project description:2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is an oncometabolite accumulating in certain cancers and some neurometabolic diseases. In cancers 2-HG accumulation is induced by a gain-of-function mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes, leading to conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate (a-KG) into 2-HG

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Project description:SCD had hemolysis with elevated levels of heme and iron, which induced ferroptosis. Here, we found Nrf2 knockout in SCD mice accumulated the levels of the metabolite L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG), which impaired ferroptosis stress response to exacerbate SCD symptom. Mechanistically, L2HG was found to regulate the expression of genes involved in the iron and heme metabolism via histone epigenetic hypermethylation. Our findings indicate an important role of Nrf2/L2HG in SCD for ferroptosis response.

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Nrf2-regulated L-2-hydroxyglutarate sensitizes erythroid cells to ferroptosis in sickle cell disease [ChIP]

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D- 2-hydroxyglutarate is an immunometabolite that accumulates in macrophages after TLR activation and inhibits inflammatory responses

Project description:Macrophages undergo extensive metabolic rewiring upon activation and this serves many roles beyond the production of energy and anabolic building blocks. So-called immunometabolites that accumulate upon immune activation can serve as co-factors for enzymes and can mediate posttranslational modifications of histones, transcription factors, enzymes and other key proteins that modulate macrophage function. As such, the Krebs-cycle-associated metabolites succinate and itaconate emerged as key regulators of macrophages. 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is structurally similar to Krebs-cycle metabolite alpha-ketoglutarate and exists as two enantiomers. D-2HG is well studied as an oncometabolite in cancer cells and more recently, L-2HG received some attention in the immunometabolism field. Here we describe that 2HG levels peak during later stages of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mouse and human macrophages. Surprisingly, D-2HG was the most abundant enantiomer in macrophages and its LPS-induced accumulation may be explained by the inverse kinetics of D-2HG-degrading D-2HG dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) and the time-dependent induction of Hydroxyacid-Oxoacid Transhydrogenase (HOT), which makes D-2HG as a byproduct. D-2HG kinetics fit transcriptomics and functional data, together indicating that D-2HG suppresses inflammatory responses in macrophages in vitro. D-2HG also regulates local and systemic inflammatory responses in vivo. Finally, we show that D-2HG likely exerts in anti-inflammatory effects on NFkB target genes independently of aKG-dependent dioxygenases. Together, this study unexpectedly classifies D-2HG as an immunometabolite that can inhibit inflammatory macrophage responses.

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