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Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist in the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue of children

ABSTRACT: Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist in the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue of children

PROVIDER: PRJNA890633 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR21907700.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR21907701.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR21907702.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR21907703.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR21907704.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist in the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue of children

Project description:SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers adaptive immune responses from both T and B cells. However, most studies focus on peripheral blood, which may not fully reflect immune responses in lymphoid tissues at the site of infection. To evaluate both local and systemic adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, we collected peripheral blood, tonsils, and adenoids from 110 children undergoing tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to investigate the adaptive immune response locally, we measured the neutralizing antibodies against to multiple SARS-CoV-2 virus variants and performed high dimensional flow cytometry and CITEseq including TCR and BCR analysis for deeper characterization of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. In our CITE-seq analyses, we sorted SARS-CoV-2 S1 (spike 1) binding (Spike1+) and non-binding (Spike1-) CD19+ B cells from tonsils, adenoids, and PBMCs from two subjects with a history of COVID-19 and one uninfected control. To assess T cells at the single cell level, we sorted CD95+ CD4+ and CD95+ CD8+ T cells, identified expanded T cell clonotypes, and then compared the CDR3 sequences to those previously reported to recognize SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our results provide evidence for persistent tissue-specific immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract of children weeks to months after acute infection.

2022-12-19 | GSE215802 | GEO

Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist in the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue of children.

Project description:Most studies of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection focus on peripheral blood, which may not fully reflect immune responses at the site of infection. Using samples from 110 children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic, we identified 24 samples with evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, including neutralizing antibodies in serum and SARS-CoV-2-specific germinal center and memory B cells in the tonsils and adenoids. Single-cell B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing indicated virus-specific BCRs were class-switched and somatically hypermutated, with overlapping clones in the two tissues. Expanded T cell clonotypes were found in tonsils, adenoids and blood post-COVID-19, some with CDR3 sequences identical to previously reported SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell receptors (TCRs). Pharyngeal tissues from COVID-19-convalescent children showed persistent expansion of germinal center and antiviral lymphocyte populations associated with interferon (IFN)-γ-type responses, particularly in the adenoids, and viral RNA in both tissues. Our results provide evidence for persistent tissue-specific immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract of children after infection.

| S-EPMC10777159 | biostudies-literature

Distinct Gene Regulatory Pathways for Human Innate Versus Adaptive Lymphoid Cells

Project description:Distinct Gene Regulatory Pathways for Human Innate Versus Adaptive Lymphoid Cells

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Innate versus adaptive lymphoid cell fate choice is controlled by the E-Id protein axis [ATAC-Seq]

Project description:The lymphoid branch of the immune defense is composed of innate and adaptive immune cells. Using multiple genetic strategies we demonstrate that in the thymus E2A and HEB act in synergy to establish T cell identity and to suppress the aberrant development of innate lymphoid cells that include ILC2 and LTi-like cells. We found that E2A and HEB induce T cell fate by activating the expression of an ensemble of genes encoding for proteins associated with Notch- and pre-TCR signaling and to promote TCRβ antigen receptor assembly. We show that E2A and HEB act in early T progenitors (ETPs) to establish and maintain a T-lineage specific enhancer repertoire, including regulatory elements associated with the Notch1/3 and Rag1/2 gene loci. Based on these and previous observations we propose that the E-Id protein axis specifies innate versus adaptive lymphoid cell fate.

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Innate versus adaptive lymphoid cell fate choice is controlled by the E-Id protein axis [RNA-Seq]

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Marine mammals pharyngeal metagenome

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Pharyngeal Satellite Cell Expression Profile

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A Dysregulated Proinflammatory Status in Preterm School-aged Children with PVL-induced Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Project description:Injury occurring during critical periods of development may have long-term effects on inflammatory responses. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the most common cause of cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm infant. Activated leukocytes are the main source of inflammatory cytokines that give rise to white matter damage and CP in preterm infant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inflammation profiles as pathogenic mediators for the occurrence of PVL in the neonatal period may persist in preterm children with CP at school age. Five preterm children with PVL-induced CP and gestational age-matched five preterm children with normal neurodevelopment were recruited from follow up clinics. Proinflammatory gene expression in the PBMCs from preterm children were determined by Superarray PCR study.

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