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ABSTRACT: Fungi in Cultural Heritage Collections

PROVIDER: PRJNA904284 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR22378389_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR33854800_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR33854801_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR33854794_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR33854795_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Paleofeces Analysis from Iron Age Hallstatt Salt Miners

Project description:Paleofeces are an important source of information to study the evolution of dietary habits and human health. The UNESCO World Heritage region of Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut is one of Europe’s oldest cultural and industrial landscapes; its underground salt mines dating back at least to the 14th century BC are one of the few archaeological sites where paleofeces are well preserved. The high salt concentrations and the constant annual temperature at around 8°C inside the isolated Hallstatt mines have perfectly preserved organic archaeological artefacts (e.g. paleofeces, clothing, mining tools) that provide unique insights into the daily life of a progressive community in Hallstatt. Here we subjected human paleofeces dated from the Bronze Age to early Modern Times to an in-depth microscopic, metagenomic and proteomic analysis. This allowed us to reconstruct the diet of the former population and gain insights into their ancient gut microbiome composition. Our dietary survey identified bran and glumes of different cereals as one of the most prevalent plant fragments. This highly fibrous, carbohydrate-rich diet was supplemented with proteins from broad beans and occasionally with fruits, nuts, or animal food. Linked to these traditional dietary habits all ancient miners up to the early Modern times have gut microbiome structures akin to modern non-Westernized individuals which may indicate a shift in the gut community composition of modern Westernized populations due to quite recent dietary and lifestyle changes. When we extended our microbial survey to fungi present in the paleofeces, we observed in one of the Iron Age samples a high abundance of Penicillium roqueforti and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. Genome-wide analysis indicates that both fungi were involved in food fermentation and provide the first molecular evidence for blue cheese and beer consumption during Iron Age Europe.

2021-11-02 | PXD027613 | Pride

Advanced Metagenomic Analysis of Human Colonic Microbiota in Patients With Chronic GI Disorders

Project description:This clinical trial hypothesize that Gut Microbiota (bacteria, viruses, fungi)play a major role in the occurrence and progression of many chronic gastrointestinal diseases like Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colo-Rectal Cancer. Hence, aims to study the spectrum of such microbiota in these patients as compared to normal subjects, by utilizing metagenomic techniques rather than cultural methods.

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Genetic heritage of the Balto-Slavic speaking populations: a synthesis of autosomal, mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal data

Project description:Here we present genome-wide genotyping data of 70 human samples from Europe (Balto-Slavic speakers, Greeks) that are used in addition to public data in a study of genetic heritage of the Balto-Slavic populations.

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The Heritage (HEalth, RIsk factors, exercise Training And GEnetics) family study

Project description:The overall objective of the heritage project is to study the role of the genotype in cardiovascular,metabolic and hormonal responses to aerobic exercise training and the contribution of regular exercise to changes in several cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. PLEASE NOTE THE POST-TRAINING GENE CHIP FILES HAVE NEVER BEEN RELEASED ON GEO. PLEASE ALSO NOTE THAT DUE TO THE OUTDATED INSULIN ASSAY UTILISED IN THE HERITAGE STUDY, THE INSULIN DATA WAS NOT COMPARABLE WITH ANY MORE RECENT MODERN STUDIES.

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Project description:The interest of scientists in analysing items of World Cultural Heritage, has been exponentially increasing since the beginning of the new millennium. These studies have grown considerably in tandem with the development and the use of sophisticated and sensitive technologies such as the high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and the non-invasive and non-damaging technique, known under the acronym EVA. Here, we report the results about the MS-characterization of the peptides and proteins harvested by the EVA technology applied to three letters written in 1457 and 1475 by the voivode of Wallachia, Vlad III, also known as Vlad the Impaler, or Vlad Dracula. The discrimination of the “original” endogenous peptides from contaminant ones was obtained monitoring their different level of deamidation and of other diagenetic chemical modifica-tions. The characterization of the ancient proteins extracted from these documents allowed to explore the environmental conditions, in the second half of the 15th-century, of the Wallachia, a region considered as a meeting point for soldiers, mi-grants and travellers that probably carried not only trade goods and cultural traditions, but also diseases and epidemics. In addition, the identification of many human peptides and proteins harvested from the letters allowed to uncover more about Vlad Dracula the Impaler. Particularly, the experimental data show that he probably suffered of inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract and/or of the skin, and, according to some stories, he also suffered from a pathological condition called haemolacria, that is he could shed tears admixed with blood. It is worth to note that it cannot deny that more medieval peo-ple may have touched these documents, but it is also presumable that the most prominent ancient proteins should be related to the Prince Vlad the Impaler, who written and signed these letters.

2023-08-23 | PXD041350 | Pride

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