Project description:The salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) is a large DNA virus that infects gill epithelial cells in Atlantic salmon and is associated with acute high mortality disease outbreaks in aquaculture. The pathological effects of SGPV infection include gill epithelial apoptosis in the acute phase of the disease and hyperplasia of gill epithelial cells in surviving fish, causing damage to the gill respiratory surface. Transcriptome responses to virus were assessed in gills at different stages of disease
Project description:The transcriptome response of 12 amoebic gill disease (AGD) affected Atlantic salmon were compared to 6 AGD naive Atlantic salmon at 19 days post infection. The transcriptome response was examined in the gill, liver and anterior kidney.
Project description:Whereas the gill chambers of extant jawless vertebrates (lampreys and hagfish) open directly into the environment, jawed vertebrates have evolved skeletal appendages that promote the unidirectional flow of oxygenated water over the gills. A major anatomical difference between the two jawed vertebrate lineages is the presence of a single operculum covering a large common gill cavity in bony fishes versus separate covers for each gill chamber in cartilaginous fishes. Here we find that these divergent gill cover patterns correlate with the pharyngeal arch expression of Pou3f3 orthologs, and we identify a deeply conserved Pou3f3 arch enhancer that is present in nearly all jawed vertebrates but undetectable in lampreys. Despite only minor sequence differences, bony fish and cartilaginous fish versions of this enhancer are sufficient to drive the respective single versus multiple gill arch expression. In zebrafish, loss of Pou3f3 gene function or its conserved enhancer disrupts gill cover formation. Conversely, forced expression of Pou3f3b in the gill arches generates ectopic skeletal elements reminiscent of the multiple gill covers of cartilaginous fish. Emergence and modification of this ancient Pou3f3 enhancer may thus have contributed to the acquisition and diversification of gill covers during early gnathostome evolution.
Project description:Fish are richly and diversely coloured and have a complex palette of pigment cells. We first investigated the diversity of skin cells in Kohaku koi by single-cell sequencing.
Project description:To understand the molecular mechanism by which IIAEK ameliorates hepatic and intestinal cholesterol metabolism, we performed DNA microarray analysis using liver, duodenal, and jejunal samples from the control and IIAEK groups of WT or IAP KO mice. We found that 1995 transcripts were identified in the livers of WT mice [WT, Control (WC) vs. WT, IIAEK (WI)] and 3802 in IAP-KO mice [IAP-KO, Control (KOC) vs. IAP-KO, IIAEK (KOI)] ( ≥1.2 fold-change, p < 0.05). Of these, 1729 transcripts fluctuated only in the WT group (WC vs. WI) and 3536 fluctuated only in the IAP-KO group (KOC vs. KOI).
Project description:Fish gills are not only the respiratory organ, but also essential for ion-regulation, acid-base control, detoxification, waste excretion and host defense. Multifactorial gill diseases are common in farmed Atlantic salmon, and still poorly understood. Understanding gill pathophysiology is of paramount importance, but the sacrifice of large numbers of experimental animals for this purpose should be avoided. Therefore, in vitro models, such as cell lines, are urgently required to replace fish trials. An Atlantic salmon gill epithelial cell line, ASG-10, was established at the Norwegian Veterinary institute in 2018. This cell line forms a monolayer expressing cytokeratin, e-cadherin and desmosomes, hallmarks of a functional epithelial barrier. To determine the value of ASG-10 for comparative studies of gill functions, the characterization of ASG-10 was taken one step further by performing functional assays and comparing the cell proteome and transcriptome with those of gills from juvenile freshwater Atlantic salmon. The ASG-10 cell line appear to be a homogenous cell line consisting of epithelial cells, which express tight junction proteins. We demonstrated that ASG-10 forms a barrier, both alone and in co-culture with the Atlantic salmon gill fibroblast cell line ASG- 13. ASG-10 cells can phagocytose and express several ATP-binding cassette transport proteins. Additionally, ASG-10 expresses genes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics and immune responses. Taken together, this study provides an overview of functions that can be studied using ASG-10, which will be an important contribution to in vitro gill epithelial research of Atlantic salmon.
Project description:The fish gill is a multifunctional organ containing a variety of specialized cells including respiratory chemoreceptors, neuroepithelial cells (NECs). Although the structure, function and development of the gill have been studied extensively, transcriptomic profiling of individual gill cells is lacking. Using the 10x Genomics Chromium technology, we conducted a single transcriptomic study of cells from distal gill filament of ETvmat2:GFP zebrafish, acclimated to 14 days of normoxia and hypoxia. Overall, approximately 13,000 cells were sequenced with an average depth of 27,000 reads per cell. We identified 16 cell clusters in the gill, including NECs, neurons, pavement cells, endothelial cells and mitochondrion-rich cells. NECs were identified through expression of vmat2, encoding vesicular monoamine transporter, and showed highly differential expressions of tph1a, sv2, and mitochondrial proteins implicated in O2 sensing. Differential gene expression analysis showed a shift in transcriptome in NECs following 14 days of acclimation to hypoxia. This study presents a comprehensive cell atlas for the zebrafish gill and provides a framework for future investigations of molecular biology and physiology in gills.
Project description:In this study we characterize the gill transcriptome changes in Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) that coincide with controlled laboratory-based exposure to various concentrations of experimentally-weathered south Louisiana crude oil. Gill transcription was contrasted between doses and across timepoints following dosing.
Project description:Cryptocaryonosis caused by Cryptocaryon irritans is one of the major diseases of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), which lead to massive economic losses annually. The pathogenesis for cryptocaryonosis has been researched by a series of transcriptome studies under different infection conditions. However, little is known about the roles of tissue-specifically expressed genes during the infection of C. irritans. In this study, we analyzed the tissue-specific expression of transcripts in the major infection organs including gill and skin of L. crocea after C. irritans infection. we constructed transcriptome expression profiles of L. crocea gill and skin, including 23,172 protein-coding genes and 7,503 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). By comparing transcriptome data from different tissues of L. crocea, we observed tissue specificity of transcripts in gill and skin, including 3,003 protein coding genes and 639 lncRNAs. A total of 212 of the protein coding genes were involved in immune system. Further analysis revealed that the tissue-specific DEGs in gill and skin were mainly involved in HIF-1 signaling pathway and Complement and coagulation cascades, respectively. In addition, 9 non-tissue-specific hub genes, including CCL4, DDIT4, LEP, ect., which are highly associated with C. irritans infection were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative transcriptome analysis of gill and skin after C. irritans infection. Our results are helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis for cryptocaryonosis, espec-tissue specificity of protein-coding genes and lncRNAs involved in immune regulation.