Toxoplasma gondii
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA93129 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Similar Datasets
Project description:Two samples, 0hr and 72hr, were used to generate tachyzoite and bradyzoite transcriptional data from tissue-cultured Toxoplasma gondii strain Prugniaud, respectively.
2010-06-15 | GSE22258 | GEO
Project description:Developmental switching in Toxoplasma gondii, from the virulent tachyzoite to the relatively quiescent bradyzoite stage, is responsible for disease propagation and reactivation. We have generated tachyzoite to bradyzoite differentiation (Tbd-) mutants in T. gondii and used these in combination with a cDNA microarray to identify developmental pathways in bradyzoite formation. Four independently generated Tbd- mutants were analysed and had defects in bradyzoite development in response to multiple bradyzoite-inducing conditions, a stable phenotype after in vivo passages and a markedly reduced brain cyst burden in a murine model of chronic infection. Transcriptional profiles of mutant and wild-type parasites, growing under bradyzoite conditions, revealed a hierarchy of developmentally regulated genes, including many bradyzoite-induced genes whose transcripts were reduced in all mutants. A set of non-developmentally regulated genes whose transcripts were less abundant in Tbd- mutants were also identified. These may represent genes that mediate downstream effects and/or whose expression is dependent on the same transcription factors as the bradyzoite-induced set. Using these data, we have generated a model of transcription regulation during bradyzoite development in T. gondii. Our approach shows the utility of this system as a model to study developmental biology in single-celled eukaryotes including protozoa and fungi.
2005-07-21 | E-SMDB-1404 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan with a complex life cycle involving transitions between different hosts and developmental stages, each adapted to a unique niche within its host. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling these life cycle transitions remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the AP2 factor AP2X-1, which is expressed during the tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages, but not in the mature merozoite stage. Knockout of ap2X-1 significantly impaired tachyzoite invasion and replication, while increasing the frequency of bradyzoite differentiation. As a component of the HDAC3/MORC complex, knockout of ap2X-1 led to the upregulation of bradyzoite and sexual stage-specific genes. Single-cell sequencing revealed that ap2X-1 knockout strains behaved as a mixed population of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, merozoites, and sporozoites. CUT&Tag analysis revealed substantial overlap between AP2X-1 and HDAC3/MORC complex binding at the promoters of bradyzoite and sexual stage-specific genes. Additionally, ATAC-seq analysis demonstrated that AP2X-1 modulates chromatin compaction and accessibility, suggesting that AP2X-1 recruits the HDAC3/MORC complex to repress bradyzoite differentiation and sexual commitment. The loss of ap2X-1 resulted in significant attenuation of T. gondii virulence and reduced the formation of brain cysts in vivo. These findings identify AP2X-1 as a critical negative regulator of T. gondii sexual development.
2025-06-25 | GSE249123 | GEO
Project description:Two samples, 0hr and 72hr, were used to generate tachyzoite and bradyzoite transcriptional data from tissue-cultured Toxoplasma gondii strain Prugniaud, respectively. Samples are single replicates, and a subset of a larger timeseries. Non-control sample was exposed to alkaline conditions, media pH 8.2, for 72hr.
2010-06-15 | E-GEOD-22258 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: Considerable work has been carried out to understand the biology of the intermediate stages, the tachyzoite and bradyzoite, of Toxoplasma gondii in large part due to the accessible culturing methods for these stages. However, culturing methods for stages beyond the bradyzoite, including the merozoite and sexual stages, have not been developed hindering the ability to study a large portion of the parasite’s life cycle. We begin to unravel the molecular aspects of the merozoite stage focusing on gene expression. Results: To initiate this, we harvested merozoite parasites and hybridized mRNA to the Affymetrix Toxoplasma GeneChip. We analyzed the merozoite data in context of the life cycle by combining it with a previously published study that generated array data for the oocyst, tachyzoite, and bradyzoite stages (Fritz HM et al. PLoS One, 2012). Principal component analysis highlights the unique profile of the merozoite samples, placing them approximately half-way on a continuum between the tachyzoite/bradyzoite and oocyst samples. Prior studies have shown that antibodies to surface antigen p30 (SAG1) and many dense granule proteins do not label merozoites, and our microarray data confirms that these genes are not expressed at this stage. Also, the expression for many rhoptry and microneme proteins is drastically reduced while the expression for many surface antigens is increased at the merozoite stage. Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis reveals that genes involved in transcription/translation and many metabolic pathways are upregulated at the merozoite stage, highlighting unique growth requirements of this stage. We also show that an upstream promoter region of a merozoite specific gene is sufficient to control stage specific expression at the merozoite stage. Conclusion: The merozoite represents the first developmental stage within the gut of the definitive host. Determining the correct conditions that coax the parasite into the merozoite stage in vitro may allow the parasite to complete sexual development. The data presented here describe the global gene expression profile of merozoite stage and the creation of transgenic parasite strains that will be useful in unlocking how the parasite senses and responds to the felid gut environment to initiate coccidian development. The ToxoGeneChip microarray was used to measure both tachyzoite and merozoite mRNA expression in the type II TgNmBr1 strain.
2014-05-02 | E-GEOD-51780 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE11437: Expression QTL mapping of Toxoplasma gondii genes, Bradyzoite array GSE11514: Expression QTL mapping of Toxoplasma gondii genes, Tachyzoite array Keywords: SuperSeries Refer to individual Series
2008-05-22 | E-GEOD-11515 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan with a complex life cycle, characterized by transitions between various hosts and developmental stages, each tailored to a specific niche within its host. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing these life cycle transitions are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the AP2 factor AP2X-1, which is expressed during the tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages but decreases in the mature merozoite stage. Knockout of ap2X-1 significantly impaired tachyzoite invasion and replication while increasing the frequency of bradyzoite differentiation. As a component associated with the HDAC3/MORC complex, loss of ap2X-1 led to the upregulation of bradyzoite- and sexual stage-specific genes. Single-cell sequencing revealed that ap2X-1 knockout strain exhibited a mixed population of tachyzoite-, bradyzoite-, merozoite-, and sporozoite-like parasites. CUT&Tag analysis revealed a substantial overlap between AP2X-1 and HDAC3/MORC complex at the promoters of bradyzoite- and sexual stage-specific genes. Additionally, ATAC-seq analysis demonstrated that AP2X-1 influences chromatin compaction and accessibility, suggesting that AP2X-1 may modulate the function of the HDAC3/MORC complex to facilitate the repression of bradyzoite differentiation and sexual commitment. Loss of ap2X-1 resulted in a significant attenuation of T. gondii virulence and decreased brain cyst formation in vivo. These findings identify AP2X-1 as a critical negative regulator of T. gondii sexual development.
2025-06-29 | PXD065585 | Pride
Project description:Background: Considerable work has been carried out to understand the biology of the intermediate stages, the tachyzoite and bradyzoite, of Toxoplasma gondii in large part due to the accessible culturing methods for these stages. However, culturing methods for stages beyond the bradyzoite, including the merozoite and sexual stages, have not been developed hindering the ability to study a large portion of the parasite’s life cycle. We begin to unravel the molecular aspects of the merozoite stage focusing on gene expression. Results: To initiate this, we harvested merozoite parasites and hybridized mRNA to the Affymetrix Toxoplasma GeneChip. We analyzed the merozoite data in context of the life cycle by combining it with a previously published study that generated array data for the oocyst, tachyzoite, and bradyzoite stages (Fritz HM et al. PLoS One, 2012). Principal component analysis highlights the unique profile of the merozoite samples, placing them approximately half-way on a continuum between the tachyzoite/bradyzoite and oocyst samples. Prior studies have shown that antibodies to surface antigen p30 (SAG1) and many dense granule proteins do not label merozoites, and our microarray data confirms that these genes are not expressed at this stage. Also, the expression for many rhoptry and microneme proteins is drastically reduced while the expression for many surface antigens is increased at the merozoite stage. Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis reveals that genes involved in transcription/translation and many metabolic pathways are upregulated at the merozoite stage, highlighting unique growth requirements of this stage. We also show that an upstream promoter region of a merozoite specific gene is sufficient to control stage specific expression at the merozoite stage. Conclusion: The merozoite represents the first developmental stage within the gut of the definitive host. Determining the correct conditions that coax the parasite into the merozoite stage in vitro may allow the parasite to complete sexual development. The data presented here describe the global gene expression profile of merozoite stage and the creation of transgenic parasite strains that will be useful in unlocking how the parasite senses and responds to the felid gut environment to initiate coccidian development.
2014-05-02 | GSE51780 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptome analysis of oocyst, tachyzoite, and bradyzoite development in the type II Toxoplasma gondii strain M4.
| PRJNA147883 | ENA