Project description:Glyphosate (GLY) is one of the most applied agrochemicals in the world, and its exposure has aroused the public health concern. Freshwater planarian is an ideal test organism for examining toxicity of pollutants and has become an emerging animal model for toxicology studies. However, potential toxicity mechanism of GLY in planarian has not been comprehensively studied. To explore the toxicity effects and molecular mechanism involved in GLY exposure of planarian, we analyzed the acute toxicity, histological change, DNA damage and transcriptional responses of freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica subjected to GLY. Results indicated that morphological malformation, histopathological change and genome DNA damage were observed after GLY exposure for different time. Transcriptomic analysis showed that numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 1, 3 and 5 d after exposure. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these DEGs was carried out and a dynamic and global view was obtained in planarian after GLY exposure at the transcriptomic level. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was performed on nine DEGs associated with detoxification, apoptosis, stress response, DNA repair, etc. The expression patterns were well consistent with the RNA-seq results at different timepoints, which confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the transcriptome data. Collectively, our results established that GLY could pose adverse effects on the morphology, histoarchitecture as well as genome DNA of D. japonica, and the planarians are capable of responding to the disadvantageous GLY stress by dysregulating the related genes and their participated in pathways concerning immune response, detoxification, energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, etc. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of transcriptomic analysis of freshwater planarian exposed to environmental pollutant, and it provided detailed sequencing data deriving from transcriptome profiling to deepen our understanding of the molecular toxicity mechanism of GLY on planarians.
Project description:We employed RNA-sequencing with surgically resected planaria and cysteinyl-specialized pro-resolving mediators (cys-SPMs), including MCTR3, PCTR3 and RCTR3 to identify genes and pathways activated by cys-SPMs.
Project description:We applied Illumina sequencing to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) in Dugesia japonica. Dugesia were cut up after seven day’s starvation. DJ1 is the whole Dugesia body, DJ2 is the head part, DJ3 is the tail part, DJ4 is the left part and DJ5 is the right part. Total RNA was extracted by Trizol, and preserved in ethanol, stored at -80°C until further use.
Project description:Excretory organs contain epithelial cells that form a filtration membrane specialized for ultrafiltration to produce primary urine. In vertebrates, the filtration membrane is made up of slit diaphragm (SD) formed by glomerular podocytes. Basal metazoans such as flatworms are also known have filtration epithelial cells, called flame cells, which exhibit SD-like structures. The molecular components of podocyte SD have been studied in detail, while those of the SD-like structures in basal metazoans including flatworms remain to be clarified. To determine whether the SD-like structures in flatworms have molecular components common to the SD in vertebrate podocytes, we examined the expression of gene homologue for mammalian nephrin, which encodes an essential transmembrane protein that participates in the formation of the SD, in a species of flatworms, planarian (Dugesia japonica). Flame cells were distributed throughout the entire body of the planarian, but the nephrin-expressing cells identified by in situ hybridization were mainly detected at body periphery excluding head region. The distribution pattern of nephrin-expressing cells was similar to that of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-expressing neoblasts, which are pluripotent stem cells characteristic to planarians. These findings indicated that the SD-like structures can be formed without the Nephrin protein in planarian flame cells.