Project description:PAMP (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern) recognition plays an important role in innate immune responses both in plants and animals. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria are a typical PAMP molecule and have been reported to induce defense-related responses such as suppression of hypersensitive responses, defense gene espression and systemic resistance in plant. However the detailed analysis of these cellular responses and the molecular machinery involved in the perception and transduction of LPS molecule largely remains to be studied. Furthermore, the biological activities of LPS on plants have so far been reported only for dicots and no information is available on the action of LPS on monocots. We report here that bacterial LPSs, both from plant pathogens and non-pathogens, could induce various defense responses in rice cells, including reactive oxygen generation and defense gene expression. Global analysis of gene expression induced by two PAMP elicitors, LPS and chitin oligosaccharide elicitor, showed a close correlation between the gene responses induced by these elicitors, indicating the convergence of signaling cascades downstream of corresponding receptors. Further, we show that the defense responses induced by LPS are associated with programmed cell death, a finding so far not reported for LPS action on plant cells. Keywords: elicitor, defense, LPS, rice cell
Project description:PAMP (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern) recognition plays an important role in innate immune responses both in plants and animals. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria are a typical PAMP molecule and have been reported to induce defense-related responses such as suppression of hypersensitive responses, defense gene espression and systemic resistance in plant. However the detailed analysis of these cellular responses and the molecular machinery involved in the perception and transduction of LPS molecule largely remains to be studied. Furthermore, the biological activities of LPS on plants have so far been reported only for dicots and no information is available on the action of LPS on monocots. We report here that bacterial LPSs, both from plant pathogens and non-pathogens, could induce various defense responses in rice cells, including reactive oxygen generation and defense gene expression. Global analysis of gene expression induced by two PAMP elicitors, LPS and chitin oligosaccharide elicitor, showed a close correlation between the gene responses induced by these elicitors, indicating the convergence of signaling cascades downstream of corresponding receptors. Further, we show that the defense responses induced by LPS are associated with programmed cell death, a finding so far not reported for LPS action on plant cells. Experiment Overall Design: 1. LPS treatment (WT), 2. LPS treatment (WT) color-swap, 3. N-acetylchitooctaose treatment (WT), 4. N-acetylchitooctaose treatment (WT) color-swap
Project description:Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most damaging diseases affecting rice productivity. Previously, we reported a novel M. oryzae- secreted protein MSP1, which triggers cell death and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immune (PTI) responses in rice. To investigate the MSP1 induced defense response in rice at the protein level, we employed a label-free quantitative proteomic approach, in parallel with the flg22, which is a wellknown elicitor. Proteomics analysis using the MaxQuant-Perseus platform led to the identification of 4087 proteins of which 417 showed significant differences (multiple sample test, ANOVA p<0.05) in response to MSP1 and/or flg22 treatments. Functional annotation of the differential proteins showed that proteins related to the primary metabolism, secondary metabolism and lipid metabolism were strongly down-regulated, while elevated proteins were mainly associated with the stress response, chromatin remodeling, post-translational modification of proteins and signaling.
Project description:Lipopolysaccharide is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) that is known to induce defense responses in plants. We have shown that treatment of rice leaves with Xoo LPS induces callose deposition, reactive oxygen production and enhances resistance against subsequent infection by the pathogen. We have performed transcriptional profiling of rice leaves that are treated with Xoo LPS to identify differentially expressed genes.
Project description:Lipopolysaccharide is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) that is known to induce defense responses in plants. In rice we have shown that Xoo LPS induce callose deposition, reactive oxygen production and induced resistance response. The exopolysaccaride (EPS) secreted by Xoo might be involved in supressing these defense responses. We have performed transcriptional profiling of rice leaf gene expression changes after treatment with Xoo strains BXO1003 (LPS-, EPS-), BXO1002 (LPS+ EPS-) and BXO43 (wild type) along with milliQ treated leaves to identify the genes that are differentially expressed.
Project description:Lipopolysaccharide is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) that is known to induce defense responses in plants. We have shown that treatment of rice leaves with Xoo LPS induces callose deposition, reactive oxygen production and enhances resistance against subsequent infection by the pathogen. We have performed transcriptional profiling of rice leaves that are treated with Xoo LPS to identify differentially expressed genes. Xoo LPS was injected into mid-veins of rice leaves and RNA was isolated 15 hours later.
Project description:Cross-kingdom molecular exchange between hosts and interacting microbes is essential for the survival of both plants and their pathogens. Recent studies showed plants transfer their small RNAs (sRNAs) and massager RNAs (mRNAs) into fungal pathogens to suppress infection. However, whether and how plants send defense proteins into pathogen cells remains unknown. Here, we show that rice plants send defense proteins into the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles enrich host defense proteins and are taken up by the fungal cells. Reducing EV-mediated host protein transfer leads to increased disease susceptibility. Thus, plants send defense proteins via EVs into fungal pathogens to combat infection, providing a mechanism of protein exchange between plants and pathogens that helps reduce crop disease.
Project description:Lipopolysaccharide is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) that is known to induce defense responses in plants. In rice we have shown that Xoo LPS induce callose deposition, reactive oxygen production and induced resistance response. The exopolysaccaride (EPS) secreted by Xoo might be involved in supressing these defense responses. We have performed transcriptional profiling of rice leaf gene expression changes after treatment with Xoo strains BXO1003 (LPS-, EPS-), BXO1002 (LPS+ EPS-) and BXO43 (wild type) along with milliQ treated leaves to identify the genes that are differentially expressed. RNA was isolated from mid veins of rice leaves 15 hours after injecting them with Xoo strains BXO1003 (LPS-, EPS-), BXO1002 (EPS-), BXO43 (wild type) or milli-Q water. The rice gene expression in each of the treatment was normalized based on the gene expression in the milli-Q treatment.
Project description:To understand the dynamics and global gene reprogramming in the early response to mechanical wounding in rice, the transcriptional response to mechanical injury was analyzed. A time-course experiment revealed the highly dynamic nature of the wound response in rice. Mechanical wounding triggered extensive gene expression reprogramming in the locally wounded leaf, affecting various physiological processes, including defense mechanisms and potentially tissue repair and regeneration. The rice response to mechanical wounding displayed both differences and similarities compared to the response to jasmonate treatment. These results highlight the importance of early JA signaling in response to mechanical stress in rice. This analysis provides an overview of the global transcriptional response to mechanical stress in rice, offering valuable insights for future studies on rice's response to injury, insect attack, and abiotic stresses.