Project description:Cardiomyocytes are highly metabolic cells responsible for generating the contractile force that drives heart function. During fetal development and regeneration, these cells undergo active division but lose their proliferation activity in the adult heart. The mechanisms that coordinate their metabolism and proliferation are not fully understood. Here, we study the developmental functions of the transcription factor NFYa, which we previously identified from regenerating cardiomyocytes. We show that loss of NFYa profoundly alters cardiomyocyte composition, with a decrease in immature regenerative cells and an increase in trabecular and mature cardiomyocytes, as revealed by spatial and single-cell transcriptome analyses. NFYa-deleted cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced proliferation and impaired mitochondrial metabolism, contributing to the cardiac growth defect. NFYa acts as a transcriptional activator of mitochondrial metabolic genes as well as cell-cycle genes in cardiomyocytes through its interaction with the cofactor SP2, providing a direct link between metabolism and proliferation at the gene transcriptional level. Our study reveals a key role of NFYa in regulating cardiac growth before birth and a previously unrecognized transcriptional control mechanism of metabolic genes in the heart, and highlights the importance of mitochondrial metabolism during fetal heart development and regeneration.
Project description:Cardiomyocytes are highly metabolic cells responsible for generating the contractile force that drives heart function. During fetal development and regeneration, these cells undergo active division but lose their proliferation activity in the adult heart. The mechanisms that coordinate their metabolism and proliferation are not fully understood. Here, we study the developmental functions of the transcription factor NFYa, which we previously identified from regenerating cardiomyocytes. We show that loss of NFYa profoundly alters cardiomyocyte composition, with a decrease in immature regenerative cells and an increase in trabecular and mature cardiomyocytes, as revealed by spatial and single-cell transcriptome analyses. NFYa-deleted cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced proliferation and impaired mitochondrial metabolism, contributing to the cardiac growth defect. NFYa acts as a transcriptional activator of mitochondrial metabolic genes as well as cell-cycle genes in cardiomyocytes through its interaction with the cofactor SP2, providing a direct link between metabolism and proliferation at the gene transcriptional level. Our study reveals a key role of NFYa in regulating cardiac growth before birth and a previously unrecognized transcriptional control mechanism of metabolic genes in the heart, and highlights the importance of mitochondrial metabolism during fetal heart development and regeneration.
Project description:Cardiomyocytes are highly metabolic cells responsible for generating the contractile force that drives heart function. During fetal development and regeneration, these cells undergo active division but lose their proliferation activity in the adult heart. The mechanisms that coordinate their metabolism and proliferation are not fully understood. Here, we study the developmental functions of the transcription factor NFYa, which we previously identified from regenerating cardiomyocytes. We show that loss of NFYa profoundly alters cardiomyocyte composition, with a decrease in immature regenerative cells and an increase in trabecular and mature cardiomyocytes, as revealed by spatial and single-cell transcriptome analyses. NFYa-deleted cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced proliferation and impaired mitochondrial metabolism, contributing to the cardiac growth defect. NFYa acts as a transcriptional activator of mitochondrial metabolic genes as well as cell-cycle genes in cardiomyocytes through its interaction with the cofactor SP2, providing a direct link between metabolism and proliferation at the gene transcriptional level. Our study reveals a key role of NFYa in regulating cardiac growth before birth and a previously unrecognized transcriptional control mechanism of metabolic genes in the heart, and highlights the importance of mitochondrial metabolism during fetal heart development and regeneration.
Project description:Pyruvate Kinase M1 (PKM1) is a critical enzyme in energy metabolism, particularly in high-energy-demand tissues like the heart. However, previous knockout strategies for PKM1 were confounded by compensatory upregulation of its low-activity splice variant, PKM2. Here, we generated a Pkm1 mutant mouse model using a point mutation that deletes Pkm1 without elevating PKM2. Homozygous Pkm1 mutants exhibited perinatal lethality associated with cardiac dysfunction, characterized by thin myocardium and reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation during mid-to-late gestation. We found that PKM1 sustains ATP levels to inhibit AMPK, which otherwise promotes NFYa phosphorylation and destabilization. NFYa, a transcription factor essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation, is identified as a key mediator linking metabolic status to cell cycle activity. These findings identify the PKM1-AMPK-NFYa axis in energetic regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation in embryonic heart, offering new insights into the function of PKM1 and the broader impact of energy metabolism on cardiac development, while also shedding light on the potential metabolic underpinnings of congenital heart diseases.
Project description:Fetal lung samples at 12–20 post conception week (pcw) from the HDBR, up to 0.5cm3 in size, were embedded in OCT and flash-frozen in dry-ice cooled isopentane. Twelve-micron cryosections were cut onto Visium slides, haematoxylin and eosin stained and imaged at 20X magnification on a Hamamatsu Nanozoomer 2.0 HT Brightfield. These were then further processed according to the 10X Genomics Visium protocol, using a permeabilization time of 18 min for 12–17 pcw samples and 24 min for 19 pcw and older samples. Images were exported as tiled tiffs for analysis. Dual-indexed libraries were prepared as in the 10X Genomics protocol, pooled at 2.25 nM and sequenced in 4 samples per Illumina Novaseq SP flow cell with read lengths of 28 bp for R1, 10 bp for i7 index, 10 bp for i5 index, 90 bp for R2.