Sex bias in autoimmunity is driven by androgen regulation of T cell-intrinsic mechanisms
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA980178 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR24828436.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24828437_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24828437_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24828438.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Androgen regulation of T cell-intrinsic mechanisms contributes to the sex bias in autoimmunity.
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Project description:Major autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Graves’ disease display a striking female bias, with a female-to-male incidence ratio ranging up to 9:1 in SLE. Sex hormones contribute to protection of males from autoimmunity, but precise molecular mechanisms of such protection are poorly understood. Here, we find that Androgen Receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor regulating a plethora of genes, is active in T cells during development and regulates directly genes involved in T cell activation or indirectly through regulation of other transcription factors. A gene encoding a phosphatase Ptpn22, a negative regulator of T cell receptor signaling, was found to be dependent of the presence of androgen receptor (AR) in males. Castration or deletion of AR reduced expression of Ptpn22. In a mouse model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Ptpn22 deletion led to the loss of sexual dimorphism. Moreover, analysis of the regulatory regions of Ptpn22 gene revealed a highly conserved sequence that was necessary for upregulation of the gene’s expression by androgens. Mutation of this sequence in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice led to enhanced ability of T cells to cause Type 1 diabetes. Thus, PTPN22 is likely to participate in disease pathogenesis making it and other AR-regulated genes fair targets for therapeutic interventions in major autoimmune diseases.
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Project description:Major autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Graves’ disease display a striking female bias, with a female-to-male incidence ratio ranging up to 9:1 in SLE. Sex hormones contribute to protection of males from autoimmunity, but precise molecular mechanisms of such protection are poorly understood. Here, we find that Androgen Receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor regulating a plethora of genes, is active in T cells during development and regulates directly genes involved in T cell activation or indirectly through regulation of other transcription factors. A gene encoding a phosphatase Ptpn22, a negative regulator of T cell receptor signaling, was found to be dependent of the presence of androgen receptor (AR) in males. Castration or deletion of AR reduced expression of Ptpn22. In a mouse model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Ptpn22 deletion led to the loss of sexual dimorphism. Moreover, analysis of the regulatory regions of Ptpn22 gene revealed a highly conserved sequence that was necessary for upregulation of the gene’s expression by androgens. Mutation of this sequence in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice led to enhanced ability of T cells to cause Type 1 diabetes. Thus, PTPN22 is likely to participate in disease pathogenesis making it and other AR-regulated genes fair targets for therapeutic interventions in major autoimmune diseases.
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Project description:Gender bias and the role of sex hormones in autoimmune diseases are well established. In specific-pathogen free (SPF) non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice females have 1.3-4.4 times higher incidence of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Germ-free (GF) mice lose the gender bias (female/male ratio 1.1-1.2). Gut microbiota differed in males and females, a trend reversed by male castration, confirming that androgens influence gut microbiota. Colonization of GF NOD mice with defined microbiota revealed that some but not all lineages overrepresented in male mice supported a gender bias in T1D, and protection did not correlate with androgen levels. However, hormone-supported selective microbial lineage variation may work as a positive feedback mechanism contributing to the sexual dimorphism of autoimmune diseases. Gene expression analysis suggested pathways involved in protection of males from T1D by microbiota. We compared gene expression patterns in the pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) between four groups of mice (two genders in SPF and GF conditions, respectively). PLNs were isolated from 9-10 week old GF and SPF male and female NOD mice with 3 mice in each group, for a total of 12 samples.
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