Granzyme K CD8 T cells form a core population in inflamed human tissue
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA985378 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Granzyme K CD8 T cells form a core population in inflamed human tissue
| PRJNA985379 | ENA
Project description:T cell-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines are a major driver of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Although these cytokines have traditionally been attributed to CD4 T cells, we have found that CD8 T cells are notably abundant in synovium and make more interferon (IFN)-γ and nearly as much tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as their CD4 T cell counterparts. Furthermore, using unbiased high-dimensional single-cell RNA-seq and flow cytometric data, we found that the vast majority of synovial tissue and synovial fluid CD8 T cells belong to an effector CD8 T cell population characterized by high expression of granzyme K (GzmK) and low expression of granzyme B (GzmB) and perforin. Functional experiments demonstrate that these GzmK+ GzmB+ CD8 T cells are major cytokine producers with low cytotoxic potential. Using T cell receptor repertoire data, we found that CD8 GzmK+ GzmB+ T cells are clonally expanded in synovial tissues and maintain their granzyme expression and overall cell state in blood, suggesting that they are enriched in tissue but also circulate. Using GzmK and GzmB signatures, we found that GzmK-expressing CD8 T cells were also the major CD8 T cell population in the gut, kidney, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, suggesting that they form a core population of tissue-associated T cells across diseases and human tissues. We term this population tissue-enriched expressing GzmK or TteK CD8 cells. Armed to produce cytokines in response to both antigen-dependent and antigen-independent stimuli, CD8 TteK cells have the potential to drive inflammation.
| S-EPMC9972878 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cryopreserved synovial fluid mononuclear cells from three patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were thawed and stained for surface antibodies, then fixed and stained for intracellular granzyme K and granzyme B. CD8 T cells with the following expression patterns were then isolated by FACS.
2022-05-08 | GSE202365 | GEO
Project description:Elucidating the true physiological functions of granzymes has been challenging since the origin of the granzyme studied, the use of non-physiological granzyme concentrations and the interspecies use of granzymes, with extrapolation of all these data to orthologous granzymes has led to inconsistencies. This is highly relevant for granzymes A and K where a debate is ongoing concerning their involvement in either cytotoxic or inflammatory processes, or in both. In order to tackle such contradictions, detailed knowledge of the substrate repertoires and substrate specificities of granzymes as well as their cleavage efficiencies may add in unraveling the primary signaling pathways these granzymes are involved in. Therefore, a degradome analysis using N-terminal COFRADIC was performed to unravel the substrate repertoires and subsite determinants for the closely related homologous human tryptases. We furthermore also profiled the uncharacterized mouse granzyme K in a comparative analysis with its human ortholog. Despite the subtle differences observed in the primary specificity profiles of these granzymes, for each granzyme distinguishing substrate subsite features could be elucidated.
2015-09-30 | PXD000570 | Pride
Project description:Neurodegenerative diseases trigger innate and adaptive immune responses that can either slow or accelerate disease progression. How immune cells contribute to such divergent disease outcomes is not entirely clear. Here, we sought to define beneficial immune pressure that emerged during development of tauopathies in mice and humans. Using mice that express mutant human tau in neurons, we observed that microglia slowed tauopathy development by controlling the spread of tau throughout the CNS and into the blood. However, over time microglia converted into distressed antigen presenting cells, acquired neuronal transcripts, and were targeted by resident CD8+ T cells. We detected clonally expanded CD8+ T cells in the CNS and draining lymph nodes of tauopathy mice that expressed granzyme K, but not traditional effector molecules (e.g., IFN, TNF, granzymes a/b/c), which was deposited onto the microglia they targeted. In fact, engagement of microglia by granzyme K expressing CD8+ T cells was a signature of tauopathy development in mice as well as humans with tau rich brain lesions linked to age, Alzheimer’s disease, or chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Deletion of CD8+ T cells in mice promoted the appearance of distressed microglia containing neuronal transcripts, markedly enhanced tau spread, and accelerated neurological decline. These data highlight a beneficial immune reaction involving microglia and granzyme K expressing CD8+ T cells that can slow tauopathy progression. Enhancement of this coordinated response offers the potential to improve outcomes in tauopathy patients.
2025-06-20 | GSE273757 | GEO
Project description:Neurodegenerative diseases trigger innate and adaptive immune responses that can either slow or accelerate disease progression. How immune cells contribute to such divergent disease outcomes is not entirely clear. Here, we sought to define beneficial immune pressure that emerged during development of tauopathies in mice and humans. Using mice that express mutant human tau in neurons, we observed that microglia slowed tauopathy development by controlling the spread of tau throughout the CNS and into the blood. However, over time microglia converted into distressed antigen presenting cells, acquired neuronal transcripts, and were targeted by resident CD8+ T cells. We detected clonally expanded CD8+ T cells in the CNS and draining lymph nodes of tauopathy mice that expressed granzyme K, but not traditional effector molecules (e.g., IFN, TNF, granzymes a/b/c), which was deposited onto the microglia they targeted. In fact, engagement of microglia by granzyme K expressing CD8+ T cells was a signature of tauopathy development in mice as well as humans with tau rich brain lesions linked to age, Alzheimer’s disease, or chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Deletion of CD8+ T cells in mice promoted the appearance of distressed microglia containing neuronal transcripts, markedly enhanced tau spread, and accelerated neurological decline. These data highlight a beneficial immune reaction involving microglia and granzyme K expressing CD8+ T cells that can slow tauopathy progression. Enhancement of this coordinated response offers the potential to improve outcomes in tauopathy patients.
2025-06-20 | GSE273753 | GEO
Project description:Neurodegenerative diseases trigger innate and adaptive immune responses that can either slow or accelerate disease progression. How immune cells contribute to such divergent disease outcomes is not entirely clear. Here, we sought to define beneficial immune pressure that emerged during development of tauopathies in mice and humans. Using mice that express mutant human tau in neurons, we observed that microglia slowed tauopathy development by controlling the spread of tau throughout the CNS and into the blood. However, over time microglia converted into distressed antigen presenting cells, acquired neuronal transcripts, and were targeted by resident CD8+ T cells. We detected clonally expanded CD8+ T cells in the CNS and draining lymph nodes of tauopathy mice that expressed granzyme K, but not traditional effector molecules (e.g., IFN, TNF, granzymes a/b/c), which was deposited onto the microglia they targeted. In fact, engagement of microglia by granzyme K expressing CD8+ T cells was a signature of tauopathy development in mice as well as humans with tau rich brain lesions linked to age, Alzheimer’s disease, or chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Deletion of CD8+ T cells in mice promoted the appearance of distressed microglia containing neuronal transcripts, markedly enhanced tau spread, and accelerated neurological decline. These data highlight a beneficial immune reaction involving microglia and granzyme K expressing CD8+ T cells that can slow tauopathy progression. Enhancement of this coordinated response offers the potential to improve outcomes in tauopathy patients.
2025-06-20 | GSE273752 | GEO
Project description:Bulk RNA-seq of human synovial fluid CD8 T cells sorted by Granzyme B vs Granzyme K expression
| PRJNA835733 | ENA
Project description:Patient-derived intestinal organoids provide an excellent tool to unravel mechanisms underlying ulcerative colitis (UC). Fresh biopsies, to isolate crypts and culture organoids, were obtained from both inflamed and non-inflamed regions from eight patients with active UC (Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2), and from eight non-IBD controls.To address the inflammatory character of ex vivo organoids, we compared the transcriptome of biopsies, crypts and organoids derived from inflamed, and non-inflamed regions and aimed to (re-)induce inflammation ex vivo.
2020-10-08 | E-MTAB-7860 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Innate lymphocytes are integral components of the cellular immune system that coordinates host defense against a multitude of challenges and can trigger immunopathology when dysregulated. Natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate immune effectors postulated to functionally mirror conventional cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T cells, respectively. Here, we show that the cytolytic molecule granzyme C was surprisingly expressed in cells with the phenotype of type 1 ILCs (ILC1s) in mouse liver and salivary gland. Cell fate-mapping and transfer studies revealed that granzyme C-expressing innate lymphocytes could be derived from ILC progenitors and did not interconvert with NK cells, ILC2s, or ILC3s. Granzyme C defined a maturation state of ILC1s, which required the transcription factor T-bet and to a lesser extent Eomes specifically in the salivary gland for their maintenance. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) signaling promoted maintenance of granzyme C-expressing ILC1s in the salivary gland and in the tumor of a transgenic breast cancer model, and their depletion caused accelerated tumor growth. ILC1s gained granzyme C expression following interleukin-15 (IL-15) stimulation, which enabled perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. Strikingly, constitutive activation of the IL-15-regulated transcription factor Stat5 in granzyme C-fate-mapped ILC1s triggered lethal perforin-dependent autoimmunity in neonatal mice. Thus, granzyme C marks a cytotoxic effector state of ILC1s, broadening their function beyond ‘helper-like’ lymphocytes.
2022-02-18 | GSE196716 | GEO