Lasting response by vertical inhibition with Cetuximab and Trametinib in KRAS mutated Colorectal Cancer Patient-derived Xenografts (PDX)
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PROVIDER: PRJNA988798 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Global mRNA expression profiling of patient derived colon cancer xenograft models (N=13) were collected using Agilent human whole genome array (G4845A AMADID 026652, cRNA 4x44k V2) . All xenograft models carried an activating. All Mice were either untreated (controls) or treated with treated with cetuximab (25 mg/kg, twice weekly, i.p., Merck) and trametinib (0.5 mg/kg, five subsequent days per week, p.o., Hycultec) to establish response characteristics. Tumors showing disease control under the combination treatment were chronically treated to establish cetuximab secondary resistant tumors which was successful for BoC2 and BoC56 .Primary resistant PDX tumors (BoC51, 109, 117, and 122) and secondary resistant tumors (BoC2 and BoC56) were harvested at the end of treatment (days 29 to 59). For BoC2 and 56, untreated control Tumors (K) were harvested once tumors reached approx. 1000mm3 in volume.
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Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease with limited effective treatment options. PDAC tumors frequently harbor the constitutively activated form of KRAS which drives proliferative signaling, but directly targeting KRAS has so far been unsuccessful. To overcome this limitation, combinatorial treatment strategies have been developed to inhibit upstream activators and downstream effectors of KRAS signaling. One such combination using trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, and lapatinib, an EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, substantially reduced tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of PDAC. Although trametinib and lapatinib are both known to inhibit the canonical MAPK signaling cascade, the effects of this combination on other important pathways in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. To investigate this, we analyze global gene expression profiles from PDX models of PDAC treated with trametinib, lapatinib, or their combination. Our results show that trametinib induces similar yet less significant expression changes compared to combination while lapatinib has little to no effect as a monotherapy in the acute treatment setting. In the chronic treatment setting, we show that tumors exposured to prolonged treatment with trametinib plus lapatinib eventually leads to adapative resistance. Expression analyses of resistant tumors revealed concominant gene expression changes in upstream receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).
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Project description:Although approximately half of all metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) harbour mutations in KRAS or NRAS, hardly any progress has been made regarding targeted treatment for this group over the last few years. Here, we investigated the efficacy of vertical inhibition of the RAS-pathway by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumours with primary KRAS mutation. In total, 19 different PDX models comprising 127 tumours were tested. Responses were evaluated according to baseline tumour volume changes and graded as partial response (PR; ≤ - 30%), stable disease (SD; between -30% and +20%) or progressive disease (PD; ≥ + 20%). Vertical inhibition with trametinib and cetuximab induced SD or PR in 74% of analysed models, compared to 24% by monotherapy with trametinib. In cases of PR by vertical inhibition (47%), responses were lasting (as long as day 137), with a low incidence of secondary resistance (SR). Molecular analyses revealed that primary and SR was driven by transcriptional reprogramming activating the RAS pathway in a substantial fraction of tumours. Together, these preclinical data strongly support the translation of this combination therapy into clinical trials for CRC patients.
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Project description:14 PDX models of pmCRC were established, including 9 matched PD3D/PDX models, and treatment response to 17 SoC and targeted therapies was monitored, which resulted in drug-dependent inter- and intra-patient specific growth inhibition. Analysis of the molecular data of the models and patient tissue resulted in the identification of predictive biomarkers for treatment with 5-FU, irinotecan, trametinib, erlotinib, cetuximab and avastin, oxaliplatin, selumetinib, docetaxel and everolimus. Conclusions: The establishment of a preclinical drug testing platform based on in vitro and in vivo matched pmCRC models, molecularly characterized by multi-omics technology, facilitated the identification of predictive biomarkers for treatment response, as well as cancer relevant signatures for effective therapies, ready for validation in clinical cohorts.
2022-02-17 | PXD027419 | Pride
Project description:Most head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are resistant to cetuximab, an antibody against the epithelial growth factor receptor. Such therapy resistance is known to be mediated, in part, by stromal cells surrounding the tumor cells; however, the mechanisms underlying such a resistance phenotype remain unclear. To identify the mechanisms underlying cetuximab resistance in an unbiased manner, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of HNC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) was performed. Comparing the gene expression of HNC-PDXs before and after treatment with cetuximab indicated that the TGF-beta signaling pathway was upregulated in the stromal cells of PDXs that progressed to cetuximab (CetuximabProg-PDX). However, in PDXs that were extremely sensitive to cetuximab, and when tumors shrunk following cetuximab treatment (CetuximabSen-PDX), the TGF-beta pathway was downregulated in the stromal compartment. Histopathological analysis of PDXs showed that in CetuximabProg-PDX, TGF-beta-activation was detected in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These TGF-beta-activated CAFs were sufficient to limit cetuximab efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, blocking the TGF-beta pathway using the SMAD3 inhibitor, SIS3, enhanced cetuximab efficacy and prevented the progression of CetuximabProg-PDX. Altogether, our findings indicate, for the first time, that TGF-beta-activated CAFs play a role in limiting cetuximab efficacy in HNC.
2020-03-23 | GSE143279 | GEO
Project description:14 PDX models of pmCRC were established, including 9 matched PD3D/PDX models, and treatment response to 17 SoC and targeted therapies was monitored, which resulted in drug-dependent inter- and intra-patient specific growth inhibition. Analysis of the molecular data of the models and patient tissue resulted in the identification of predictive biomarkers for treatment with 5-FU, irinotecan, trametinib, erlotinib, cetuximab and avastin, oxaliplatin, selumetinib, docetaxel and everolimus. Conclusions: The establishment of a preclinical drug testing platform based on in vitro and in vivo matched pmCRC models, molecularly characterized by multi-omics technology, facilitated the identification of predictive biomarkers for treatment response, as well as cancer relevant signatures for effective therapies, ready for validation in clinical cohorts.
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Project description:Purpose: Study the changes in the transcriptome of metastatic melanoma PDX cells upon combination treatment with AURKA and MEK inhibitors Methods: RNAseq analysis of melanoma PDX cells treated with AURKA inhibitor Alisertib (500nM) and MEK inhibitor trametinib (100nM) for 72 h
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Project description:Cetuximab is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-blocking antibody approved for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. We examined differences in global gene expression between the syngeneic DiFi colorectal cancer cells, and a subline of DiFi cells with acquired resistance to cetuximab (DiFi5). We used Affymetrix HG-U133A array to compare the expression pattern of genes that are up-regulated or down-regulated between the parental DiFi colorectal cancer cells and the cetuximab-resistant DiFi5 cells. We generated a cetuximab-resistant DiFi subline, termed DiFi5, by chronic exposure of parental DiFi cells to serially increased doses of cetuximab (from 0.5 nM to 5 nM) for over 1 year. The resulting DiFi5 subline exhibits significant resistance to cetuximab-induced apoptosis. After we confirmed that the phenotype was stable over a period of time of more than 6 months, the RNA from DiFi and DiFi5 cells were extracted and hybridized to an Affymetrix HG-U133A array according to the manufacturerâs instructions. Following the hybridization, the array was scanned using a laser confocal scanner, and microarray image data were analyzed using DNA-Chip Analyzer (dChip), version 1.3, by the Sequencing and Microarray Facility at MD Anderson Cancer Center.
2016-07-17 | E-GEOD-71210 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:10 cell lines (five cetuximab sensitive and five cetuximab resistant) were selected for gene copy number array analysis on the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 platform. 39 protein coding genes were amplified in cetuximab resistant cells and normal in sensitive cells, all present on genomic regions 11q22.1 or 5p13-15. Five genes were selected for quantitative PCR verification, namely, YAP1 and TRPC6 (11q22.1) and PDCD6, TPPP, and PTGER4 (5p13-15). An extended panel of totally 10 cetuximab resistant and 10 sensitive cell lines verified that YAP1 amplified cells are cetuximab resistant. YAP1 gene amplification was highly correlated to the YAP1 mRNA expression, which was significantly higher in cetuximab resistant cells than in sensitive. YAP1 downregulation resulted in increased cetuximab sensitivity in one of two cetuximab resistant cell lines investigated and growth inhibition in another. We conclude that YAP1 is a marker for cetuximab resistance in head and neck cancer. head and neck cancer cell lines with established cetuximab response were selected. 5 cetuximab resistant cell lines and 5 cetuximab sensitive cell lines were selected for gene genome wide gene copy number analysis on the Affymetrix SNP6.0 array
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