Neuronal mTORC1 inhibition promotes longevity without suppressing anabolic growth and reproduction in C. elegans
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA993650 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR25234000_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25234000_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25234001_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25234001_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25234002_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:All living cells require a minimal iron threshold to sustain anabolic metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which cells sense iron to regulate anabolic processes are unclear. Here, we report a universal eukaryotic pathway for iron sensing in which molecular iron is required to sustain active histone demethylation and maintain the expression of critical components of the pro-anabolic mTORC1 pathway. Specifically, we identify the iron-binding histone-demethylase KDM3B as an intrinsic iron sensor that regulates mTORC1 activity by demethylating H3K9me2 at enhancers of genes encoding high-affinity leucine transporters and RAPTOR. By directly suppressing leucine availability and RAPTOR levels, iron deficiency (ID) supersedes other nutrient inputs into mTORC1. This process occurs in vivo, and is not an indirect effect by canonical iron-utilizing pathways. Elevated expression of KDM3B targets is associated with reduced survival in a subset of human cancers and ID represses mTORC1 in patient-derived tumor cells and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism of eukaryotic iron sensing through dynamic chromatin remodeling and repression of mTORC1 mediated anabolism. Due to ancestral eukaryotes sharing homologues of KDMs and mTORC1 core components, this pathway likely predated the emergence of the other kingdom-specific nutrient sensors for mTORC1
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Project description:Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses nutrient availability to orchestrate metabolic processes critical for physiological homeostasis and organismal aging 1. While mTORC1 preferentially regulates the translation of 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) motif-containing mRNAs that predominantly encode ribosomal proteins (RPs) via the translational repressor 4E-BP 2, this mTORC1 function is resistant to rapamycin inhibition 3. TOP mRNAs are exceptionally abundant, thus imposing a major translational burden on cells; yet how their translation is physiologically tuned and linked to longevity remain unexplored. Here we identify Lsp2, originally known as a storage protein 4, as an adipose effector and feedback activator of mTORC1 that modulates lifespan in Drosophila. Lsp2 expression is induced by essential amino acids (EAAs) via mTORC1 and gated by additional signals of nutrient sufficiency. Genetic ablation of Lsp2 robustly extends lifespan without impairing key life-history traits such as reproduction. Translatomic profiling shows that loss of Lsp2 selectively reduces global TOP mRNA translation in a 4E-BP–dependent manner, thereby extending lifespan via a mechanism distinct from rapamycin. Evolutionarily, TOP motifs co-emerged with 4E-BP and are present in nearly all Drosophila RP mRNAs. Moreover, we demonstrate that their role in translational control extends to Drosophila. Collectively, our findings reveal a nutrient-induced physiological factor that amplifies mTORC1 output in TOP mRNA translation and regulates organismal longevity.
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Project description:Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses nutrient availability to orchestrate metabolic processes critical for physiological homeostasis and organismal aging. While mTORC1 preferentially regulates the translation of 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) motif-containing mRNAs that predominantly encode ribosomal proteins (RPs) via the translational repressor 4E-BP, this mTORC1 function is resistant to rapamycin inhibition. TOP mRNAs are exceptionally abundant, thus imposing a major translational burden on cells; yet how their translation is physiologically tuned and linked to longevity remain unexplored. Here we identify Lsp2, originally known as a storage protein, as an adipose effector and feedback activator of mTORC1 that modulates lifespan in Drosophila. Lsp2 expression is induced by essential amino acids (EAAs) via mTORC1 and gated by additional signals of nutrient sufficiency. Genetic ablation of Lsp2 robustly extends lifespan without impairing key life-history traits such as reproduction. Translatomic profiling shows that loss of Lsp2 selectively reduces global TOP mRNA translation in a 4E-BP–dependent manner, thereby extending lifespan via a mechanism distinct from rapamycin. Evolutionarily, TOP motifs co-emerged with 4E-BP and are present in nearly all Drosophila RP mRNAs. Moreover, we demonstrate that their role in translational control extends to Drosophila. Collectively, our findings reveal a nutrient-induced physiological factor that amplifies mTORC1 output in TOP mRNA translation and regulates organismal longevity.
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