Aquatic insects are well-adapted to freshwater environments, but metabolic mechanisms of such adaptations, particularly to primary environmental factors (e.g., hypoxia, water pressure, dark light and abundant microbes), are poorly known. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestri...
Microorganisms secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transport bioactive molecules such as proteins, metabolites, and enzymes. While their functions are well studied in model microbes, their ecological contributions to natural ecosystems remain largely unexplored.To address this issue, we per...