With the global prevalence of Varroa mites, more and more beekeepers resort to confining the queen bee in a queen cage to control mite infestation or to breed superior and robust queen bees. However, the impact of such practices on the queen bee remains largely unknown. Therefore, we sub...
One of the main challenges of the socially parasitic mode of life is bypassing the host's recognition ability, which ensures that altruistic behaviour is directed towards related individuals. Various chemical strategies have evolved to achieve this goal. The most widespread, used also by the obli...