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In vitro toxicology approaches have evolved, from a focus on the molecular changes within a cell to understanding of toxicity-related mechanisms that simulate the in vivo environment. The recent development of three dimensional (3-D) organotypic nasal epithelial culture models offer a physiologicall...
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens 
Organotypic three dimensional cultures of epithelial cells are grown at the air–liquid interface (ALI) and resemble the in vivo counterparts. Although the complexity of in vivo cellular responses could be better manifested in co-culture models in which additional cell-types such as fibroblasts were ...
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens 
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is etiologically linked to the development of fatal respiratory diseases, and there is a need to understand the mechanisms whereby CS causes damage. While animal models have provided valuable insights into smoking-related respiratory tract damage, modern toxicity tes...
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens 
Oral mucosa of smokers is subject to cigarette smoke (CS)-related cytological, genomic, and transcriptional changes that could potentially lead to the development of mouth diseases. In order to further characterize CS effects, we took advantage of two human organotypic in vitro models of the buccal ...
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens 
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