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UnknownLeishmania donovani Inhibitor of Serine Peptidases 2 Mediated Inhibition of Lectin Pathway and Upregulation of C5aR Signaling Promote Parasite Survival inside Host.
Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of Indian visceral leishmaniasis has to face several barriers of the immune system inside the mammalian host for its survival. The complement system is one of the first barriers and consists of a well-balanced network of proteases including S1A family ...
S-EPMC5796892 | biostudies-literature
UnknownGenetic Manipulation of Leishmania donovani to Explore the Involvement of Argininosuccinate Synthase in Oxidative Stress Management.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced by the phagocytic cells are the most common arsenals used to kill the intracellular pathogens. However, Leishmania, an intracellular pathogen, has evolved mechanisms to survive by counterbalancing the toxic oxygen metabolites produced durin...
S-EPMC4777552 | biostudies-literature
UnknownDeprivation of L-Arginine Induces Oxidative Stress Mediated Apoptosis in Leishmania donovani Promastigotes: Contribution of the Polyamine Pathway.
The growth and survival of intracellular parasites depends on the availability of extracellular nutrients. Deprivation of nutrients viz glucose or amino acid alters redox balance in mammalian cells as well as some lower organisms. To further understand the relationship, the mechanistic role of L-arg...
S-EPMC4726550 | biostudies-literature
UnknownPhosphorylation of Translation Initiation Factor 2-Alpha in Leishmania donovani under Stress Is Necessary for Parasite Survival.
The transformation of Leishmania donovani from a promastigote to an amastigote during mammalian host infection displays the immense adaptability of the parasite to survival under stress. Induction of translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α) phosphorylation by stress-specific eIF2α kinases is th...
S-EPMC5192082 | biostudies-literature
Unknownl-Arginine Uptake by Cationic Amino Acid Transporter Promotes Intra-Macrophage Survival of Leishmania donovani by Enhancing Arginase-Mediated Polyamine Synthesis.
The survival of intracellular protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL), depends on the activation status of macrophages. l-Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid plays a crucial regulatory role for activation of macrophages. However, th...
S-EPMC5526900 | biostudies-literature
UnknownAntimicrobial prescription patterns in tertiary care centres in India: a multicentric point prevalence survey.

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global health threat, emphasizing the need for Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS) to understand antibiotic use and resistance. This study assesses antibiotic use patterns and resistance in tertiary care hospitals across India to inform AMR interv...
S-EPMC11992528 | biostudies-literature
UnknownStrategies to minimise and monitor biases and imbalances by arm in surgical cluster randomised trials: evidence from ChEETAh, a trial in seven low- and middle-income countries.

Background

Cluster randomised controlled trials (cRCT) present challenges regarding risks of bias and chance imbalances by arm. This paper reports strategies to minimise and monitor biases and imbalances in the ChEETAh cRCT.

Methods

ChEETAh was an international cRCT (hospitals as clus...
S-EPMC10077601 | biostudies-literature
UnknownStructures, processes and outcomes between first referral and referral hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries: a secondary preplanned analysis of the FALCON and ChEETAh randomised trials.
First referral hospitals, often known as district hospitals, are neglected in the discourse on universal health coverage in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, these hospitals are important for delivering safe surgery for 313 million people. This study aims to understand the str...
S-EPMC11552540 | biostudies-literature
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