BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a key complication affecting older individuals after anesthesia and surgery. Failure to translate multiple pharmacological therapies for PND from preclinical studies to clinical settings has necessitated the exploration o...

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication characterized by cognitive decline following surgery, with neuroinflammation serving as a critical pathogenic mechanism. Emerging evidence indicates that CD22, an inhibitory receptor primarily expressed on B cells and microglia, ...