BACKGROUND: Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) is a tree with multiple industrial uses and medicinal properties in the Juglandaceae family (walnuts and hickories). J. mandshurica produces juglone, which is a toxic allelopathic agent and has potential utilization value...

Succinate is implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases via its receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91). Despite its therapeutic potential, conflicting reports on its inflammatory roles have hindered GPR91-targeted treatm...