Macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response and tumor development. Macrophages are primarily divided into pro-inflammatory M1-like and anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages based on their activation status and functions. In vitro macrophage models could be derived from ...

Background & Aims:

Spirulina, a microalgae renowned for its nutrient density, shows promise in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism. However, its efficacy and underlying mechanisms against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear. We hypothesize...

Background & Aims:

Spirulina, a microalgae renowned for its nutrient density, shows promise in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism. However, its efficacy and underlying mechanisms against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear. We hypothesize...

Gut commensal bacteria promote host reproduction by modulating metabolism and nutrition, but the molecular mechanisms by which microbes regulate reproduction remain unclear. Here, we show that gut commensal bacteria promote host reproduction by providing amino-acid methionine, which controls the ...

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow that produce monoclonal immunoglobulins. N-glycosylation changes of these monoclonal immunoglobulins have been reported in multiple myeloma, but previous studies on...

Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses are subjected to rigorous conditioning programs involving exercise sessions of various types, distances and intensities. These programs aim to optimize both their physical and mental capabilities, which are essential to achieve maximal performance. Conventional invest...