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UnknownPreexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men.

Background

Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis before exposure is a promising approach for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition.

Methods

We randomly assigned 2499 HIV-seronegative men or transgender women who have sex with men to receive a combination of two or...
S-EPMC3079639 | biostudies-literature
UnknownIncidence and diagnosis of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in the intensive care unit: an international online survey.

Introduction

Several aspects of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT)-including diagnostic criteria, overlap with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and appropriate treatment regimens-remain poorly defined. The objectives of this study were to survey reported practices in the cli...
S-EPMC4057509 | biostudies-literature
UnknownGenomic epidemiology unveils the dynamics and spatial corridor behind the Yellow Fever virus outbreak in Southern Brazil.
Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of yellow fever virus (YFV) infections in Brazil, our understanding of disease outbreaks is hampered by limited viral genomic data. Here, through a combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological models, we reconstructed the recent transmission histor...
S-EPMC10854437 | biostudies-literature
UnknownDONORS (Donation Network to Optimise Organ Recovery Study): Study protocol to evaluate the implementation of an evidence-based checklist for brain-dead potential organ donor management in intensive care units, a cluster randomised trial.

Introduction

There is an increasing demand for multi-organ donors for organ transplantation programmes. This study protocol describes the Donation Network to Optimise Organ Recovery Study, a planned cluster randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementa...
S-EPMC6597655 | biostudies-literature
UnknownHydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin in Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19.

Background

Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin have been used to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, evidence on the safety and efficacy of these therapies is limited.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label, three-group, controlled tri...
S-EPMC7397242 | biostudies-literature
UnknownHigh-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: The RENOVATE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance

High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are commonly used respiratory support therapies for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Objective

To assess whether HFNO is noninferior to NIV on the rates of endotracheal intubation or death at 7 da...
S-EPMC11897836 | biostudies-literature
UnknownKetamine, Etomidate, and Mortality in Emergency Department Intubations.

Importance

The choice of induction agent during rapid sequence intubation (RSI) of critically ill adults may affect clinical outcomes. Although ketamine and etomidate are frequently used for RSI, their comparative effectiveness remains controversial.

Objective

To compare the safety of...
S-EPMC12706683 | biostudies-literature
UnknownEffect of Intravenous Fluid Treatment With a Balanced Solution vs 0.9% Saline Solution on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: The BaSICS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance

Intravenous fluids are used for almost all intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Clinical and laboratory studies have questioned whether specific fluid types result in improved outcomes, including mortality and acute kidney injury.

Objective

To determine the effect of a balan...
S-EPMC8356144 | biostudies-literature
UnknownEarly Treatment with Pegylated Interferon Lambda for Covid-19.

Background

The efficacy of a single dose of pegylated interferon lambda in preventing clinical events among outpatients with acute symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, controlled, adaptive platform trial involving predominantly...
S-EPMC9933926 | biostudies-literature
UnknownEpidemiological characterization of rare diseases in Brazil: A retrospective study of the Brazilian Rare Diseases Network.

Background

The Brazilian Policy for Comprehensive Care for People with Rare Diseases was implemented in 2014; however, national epidemiological data on rare diseases (RDs) are scarce and mainly focused on specific disorders. To address this gap, University Hospitals, Reference Services for N...
S-EPMC11523578 | biostudies-literature
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