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UnknownComparative effectiveness of immediate antiretroviral therapy versus CD4-based initiation in HIV-positive individuals in high-income countries: observational cohort study.

Background

Recommendations have differed nationally and internationally with respect to the best time to start antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared effectiveness of three strategies for initiation of ART in high-income countries for HIV-positive individuals who do not have AIDS: immedia...
S-EPMC4643831 | biostudies-literature
UnknownCommon and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which iden...
S-EPMC8648564 | biostudies-literature
UnknownSimvastatin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19.

Background

The efficacy of simvastatin in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear.

Methods

In an ongoing international, multifactorial, adaptive platform, randomized, controlled trial, we evaluated simvastatin (80 mg daily) as compared with no stati...
S-EPMC10755839 | biostudies-literature
UnknownBlood culture practices and microbiological capacity for sepsis diagnostics in Europe (2021-2022): a cross-sectional analysis of the European Sepsis Care Survey.

Background

Blood cultures (BCs) are key diagnostic elements for sepsis patients. Accurate preanalytical procedures are substantial, and results should be available as soon as possible to guide adequate antimicrobial treatment. This study aimed to evaluate BC collection practices and diagnost...
S-EPMC12771334 | biostudies-literature
UnknownDefining the Effect of the 16p11.2 Duplication on Cognition, Behavior, and Medical Comorbidities.

Importance

The 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 duplication is the copy number variant most frequently associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and comorbidities such as decreased body mass index (BMI).

Objectives

To characterize the effects of the 16p11.2 duplication on cognitiv...
S-EPMC5894477 | biostudies-literature
UnknownEffects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure.
Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatom...
S-EPMC8292542 | biostudies-literature
UnknownA prognostic model for use before elective surgery to estimate the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (GSU-Pulmonary Score): a development and validation study in three international cohorts.

Background

Pulmonary complications are the most common cause of death after surgery. This study aimed to derive and externally validate a novel prognostic model that can be used before elective surgery to estimate the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications and to support resource allo...
S-EPMC12056793 | biostudies-literature
UnknownEffect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Initiation on Organ Support-Free Days in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance

Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Objective

To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patien...
S-EPMC10326520 | biostudies-literature
UnknownIntravenous Vitamin C for Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Two Harmonized Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance

The efficacy of vitamin C for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is uncertain.

Objective

To determine whether vitamin C improves outcomes for patients with COVID-19.

Design, setting, and participants

Two prospectively harmonized randomized clinical trials enrolled c...
S-EPMC10600726 | biostudies-literature
UnknownValidation of the OAKS prognostic model for acute kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery.

Background

Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model...
S-EPMC8855527 | biostudies-literature
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