Project description:To understand gene expression changes in different regions of the Drosophila brain with age, we performed RNAseq different regions of the adult drosophila CNS at different ages.
Project description:Aging is a prominent risk factor for neurodegenerative disease, therefore defining mechanisms critical for healthy brain aging should lead to insight into genes that modulate susceptibility to disease. To define such genes, we have pursued analysis of miR-34 mutants in Drosophila. The miR-34 mutant brain displays a gene profile of accelerated aging, and miR-34 upregulation is a potent suppressor of polyglutamine-induced neurodegeneration. We investigated targets of miR-34 to define those important for its functions in mitigating degeneration and impacting health of the brain with age. These studies show that miR-34 targets for silencing two components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)—Pcl and Su(z)12—in the brain with age. PRC2 is a histone methyltransferase that confers the repressive H3K27me3 mark, suggesting that a critical role of miR-34 is to modulate the function of PRC2 to silence key genes in the brain with age. Remarkably, gene expression profiling of the brains of hypomorphic mutants in Enhancer of zeste (E(z)), the enzymatic methyltransferase component of PRC2, revealed a younger brain transcriptome profile and identified the small heat shock proteins as key modulated genes. These findings indicate that PRC2 epigenetic mechanisms impact the susceptibility of the brain to degenerative disease with age, and highlight the role of small heat shock proteins to protect the brain from age-associated decline and disease.
Project description:Cognitive decline is a common occurrence of the natural aging process in animals, and studying age-related changes in gene expression in the brain might shed light on disrupted molecular pathways that play a role in this decline. The fruit fly is a useful neurobiological model for studying aging due to its short generational time and relatively small brain size. We investigated age-dependent changes in the Drosophila melanogaster whole-brain transcriptome by comparing 5-, 20-, 30- and 40-day-old flies of both sexes. We used RNA-Sequencing of dissected brain samples followed by differential expression, temporal clustering, co-expression network and gene ontology enrichment analyses. Our study provides the first transcriptome profile of aging brains from fruit flies of both sexes, and it will serve as an important resource for those who study aging and cognitive decline in this model.
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE24992: Drosophila brain microRNA expression with age: miRNA profiling GSE25007: Drosophila brain gene expression with age: mRNA profiling GSE25008: Drosophila brain gene expression between wildtype and miR-34 null flies Refer to individual Series. Aging is the most prominent risk factor for human neurodegenerative disease, but underlying mechanisms that connect two processes are less well characterized. With age, the brain undergoes functional decline and perhaps degeneration. Such decline may not just contribute to normal aging, but also enhance susceptibility to and progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, defining intrinsic factors and pathways that underline the normal integrity of the adult nervous system may lead to insights that potentially link aging and neurodegeneration. Here, we report a highly conserved microRNA (miRNA), miR-34, as a modulator of aging and neurodegeneration. Using Drosophila, we show that fly miR-34 expression is brain-enriched and strikingly upregulated with age. Functional studies reveal that, whereas animals without miR-34 are normal as young adults, upon aging, they gradually show late-onset deficits characteristic of accelerated brain aging; these include a transcriptional signature of aged animals, coupled with rapid functional decline, loss of brain integrity, followed by a catastrophic decline in adult viability. Moreover, upregulation of miR-34 protects against neurodegeneration induced by pathogenic human polyglutamine (polyQ) disease protein. We next reveal a dramatic effect of miR-34 to silence the Eip74EF gene of steroid hormone pathways in the adult, which is crucial to maintain the normal aging. Collectively, these data define a miR-34-mediated mechanism that specifically affects long-term integrity of the adult nervous system. miR-34 function in Drosophila may thus present a link that functionally connects aging and neurodegeneration. Our studies implicate essential roles of miRNA- dependent pathways in maintenance of the adult brain, disease pathogenesis and healthy aging.
Project description:Gene expression profile of neurons comprising most of the central brain courtship circuit in adult male Drosophila brains, with sex and cell-type control populations.