Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Transcription profiling of mouse reveals induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria

ABSTRACT: The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is inhabited by hundreds of distinct species of commensal microorganisms that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. The process by which the commensal microbiota influence the host immune system is poorly understood. We show here that colonization of the small intestine of mice with a single commensal microbe, segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB), is sufficient to induce the appearance of CD4+ T helper cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 cells) in the lamina propria. SFB adhere tightly to the surface of epithelial cells in the terminal ileum of mice with Th17 cells but are absent from mice that have few Th17 cells. Colonization with SFB was correlated with increased expression of genes associated with inflammation, anti-microbial defenses, and tissue repair, and resulted in enhanced resistance to the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Control of Th17 cell differentiation by SFB may thus establish a balance between optimal host defense preparedness and potentially damaging T cell responses. Manipulation of this commensal-regulated pathway may provide new opportunities for enhancing mucosal immunity and treating autoimmune disease. Experiment Overall Design: We compared the gene expression profiles in the terminal ileum of Swiss-Webster GF mice before and after colonization with SFB, which induced robust Th17 cell differentiation. To sieve out host effects, the role of other microbiota, as well as other factors, we also evaluated the transcriptional program induced in Jackson C57BL/6 mice after co-housing with Taconic B6 animals, which also induces Th17 cell differentiation. 0.5 cm of the most distal part of the small intestine was dissected. Total RNA was extracted with TRIzol. RNA was labeled and hybridized to GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 arrays following the Affymetrix protocols. Data were analyzed in GeneSpring GX10.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Dan Littman

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-18348 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria.

Ivanov Ivaylo I II Atarashi Koji K Manel Nicolas N Brodie Eoin L EL Shima Tatsuichiro T Karaoz Ulas U Wei Dongguang D Goldfarb Katherine C KC Santee Clark A CA Lynch Susan V SV Tanoue Takeshi T Imaoka Akemi A Itoh Kikuji K Takeda Kiyoshi K Umesaki Yoshinori Y Honda Kenya K Littman Dan R DR

Cell 20091001 3

The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is inhabited by hundreds of distinct species of commensal microorganisms that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. How commensal microbiota influence the host immune system is poorly understood. We show here that colonization of the small intestine of mice with a single commensal microbe, segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB), is sufficient to induce the appearance of CD4(+) T helper cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 cells) in the lamina ...[more]

PMID: 19836068

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Project description:Vertebrates typically harbor a rich gastrointestinal microbiota, which has co-evolved with the host over millennia and is essential for several of its physiological functions, in particular maturation of the immune system. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of a single bacterial species, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), in inducing a robust T helper (Th)17 population in the small intestinal lamina propria (SI-LP) of the mouse gut. Consequently, SFB can promote IL-17-dependent immune and autoimmune responses, gut-associated as well as systemic, including inflammatory arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, we exploit the incomplete penetrance of SFB colonization of NOD mice in our animal facility to explore its impact on the incidence and course of type-1 diabetes in this prototypical, spontaneous model. There was a strong co-segregation of SFB-positivity and diabetes protection in females, but not in males, which remained relatively disease-free regardless of the SFB status. In contrast, insulitis did not depend on SFB colonization. SFB-positive, but not SFB-negative, females had a substantial population of Th17 cells in the SI-LP, which was the only significant, repeatable difference in the examined T cell compartments of the gut, pancreas or systemic lymphoid tissues. Th17 signature transcripts dominated the very limited SFB-induced molecular changes detected in SI-LP CD4+ T cells. Thus, a single bacterium, and the gut immune system alterations associated with it, can either promote or protect from autoimmunity in predisposed mouse models, likely reflecting their variable dependence on different Th subsets. All gene expression profiles were obtained from highly purified T cell populations sorted by flow cytometry. Cells were sorted from individual mice with at least four replicates generated for all groups. RNA from 1-5 x 104 cells was amplified, labeled, and hybridized to Affymetrix Mo GENE 1.0ST microarrays. Raw data were preprocessed with the RMA algorithm in GenePattern, and averaged expression values were used for analysis.

Project description:Epithelial cells of the mammalian intestine are covered with a mucus layer that prevents direct contact with intestinal microbes but also constitutes a substrate for mucus-degrading bacteria. To study the effect of mucus degradation on the host response, germ-free mice were colonized with Akkermansia muciniphila. This anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Verrucomicrobia is specialized in the degradation of mucin, the glycoprotein present in mucus, and found in high numbers in the intestinal tract of human and other mammalian species. Efficient colonization of A. muciniphila was observed with highest numbers in the cecum, where most mucin is produced. In contrast, following colonization by Lactobacillus plantarum, a facultative anaerobe belonging to the Firmicutes that ferments carbohydrates, similar cell-numbers were found at all intestinal sites. Whereas A. muciniphila was located closely associated with the intestinal cells, L. plantarum was exclusively found in the lumen. The global transcriptional host response was determined in intestinal biopsies and revealed a consistent, site-specific, and unique modulation of about 750 genes in mice colonized by A. muciniphila and over 1500 genes after colonization by L. plantarum. Pathway reconstructions showed that colonization by A. muciniphila altered mucosal gene expression profiles toward increased expression of genes involved in immune responses and cell fate determination, while colonization by L. plantarum led to up-regulation of lipid metabolism. These indicate that the colonizers induce host responses that are specific per intestinal location. In conclusion, we propose that A. muciniphila modulates pathways involved in establishing homeostasis for basal metabolism and immune tolerance toward commensal microbiota. Keywords: Analysis of target gene regulation by using microarrays Adult germ-free female NMRI-KI mice (45 – 65 days) were used for bacterial mono-association. Two bacterial strains were used in this study, A. muciniphila MucT (ATTC BAA-835) and L. plantarum WCFS1 (NCIMB 8826). A. muciniphila was grown anaerobically in a basal mucin based medium and L. plantarum was grown anaerobically at 37°C in Man-Rogosa-Sharpe broth (MRS; Le Pont de Claix, France). After 7 days of colonization, mice were killed by cervical dislocation and terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon specimens were sampled.

Dataset Information

Transcription profiling of mouse reveals induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria

Publications

Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria.

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