Expression data in C. elegans L2 larvae after nhr-23 inhibition and in controls
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ABSTRACT: NHR-23, a conserved member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, is required for normal development in C. elegans where it plays a critical role in growth and molting. In a search for NHR-23 dependent genes, we performed whole genome comparative expression microarrays on both control and nhr-23 inhibited synchronized larvae. Genes that decreased in response to nhr-23 RNAi included several collagen genes. Unexpectedly, several hedgehog-related genes were also down-regulated after nhr-23 RNAi. A homozygous nhr-23 deletion allele was used to confirm the RNAi knockdown phenotypes and the changes in gene expression. Our results indicate that NHR-23 is a critical coregulator of functionally linked genes involved in growth and molting and reveal evolutionary parallels among the ecdysozoa. Synchronized populations of L1 larvae were plated with two sets of HT115 bacteria, one that had been transformed with the RNAi vector only (L4440 plasmid) and another that had been transformed with a vector targeting nhr-23 (clone 5174) [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 (2001) 7360-7365]. Worms were kept on 2% agarose plates for 21 hr at 20C, collected, and approximately 200ml of worms resuspended in PBS were used in each individual experiment. Total RNA was isolated from frozen pellets using a Mixer-Mill (Miller-Mill 300) following an RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD) according to manufacturer protocol. Aliquots of cultures used for RNA isolation were kept on nhr-23 RNAi plates to confirm the knockdown phenotypic changes occurred during subsequent molts.
Project description:NHR-23, a conserved member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, is required for normal development in C. elegans where it plays a critical role in growth and molting. In a search for NHR-23 dependent genes, we performed whole genome comparative expression microarrays on both control and nhr-23 inhibited synchronized larvae. Genes that decreased in response to nhr-23 RNAi included several collagen genes. Unexpectedly, several hedgehog-related genes were also down-regulated after nhr-23 RNAi. A homozygous nhr-23 deletion allele was used to confirm the RNAi knockdown phenotypes and the changes in gene expression. Our results indicate that NHR-23 is a critical coregulator of functionally linked genes involved in growth and molting and reveal evolutionary parallels among the ecdysozoa.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of N2 vs. nhr-8 mutant worms, aiming to identify direct and indirect targets of the nuclear receptor. Seven independent synchronized populations of N2 and nhr-8(hd117) animals were grown from eggs on low cholesterol plates at 25 degrees C until mid-L3 larval stage and collected for microarray RNA expression analysis.
Project description:Acyl-coA synthases (ACSs) produce fatty acyl-CoAs that are used in metabolic and signaling pathways. Metazoans have a large number of ACS genes with differing expression patterns and substrate preferences, but the physiological roles of most ACS genes are unknown. Here, we focused on the C. elegans acyl CoA synthase, ACS-3, which is known to regulate fat uptake and de novo fat synthesis through the conserved nuclear hormone receptor, nhr-25. We performed microarray analysis of acs-3 mutants to elucidate the acs-3-regulated transcription program. This analysis revealed an enrichment among differentially regulated genes of those involved in lipid metabolism, pathogen and wounding responses, and sterol binding genes, among others. As the immunity genes were the most represented gene class, we performed pathogen sensitivity assays to test the phenotypic consequences of this immune gene regulation. Interestingly, acs-3 mutants were hypersensitive to the fungal pathogen D. coniospora, but only mildly sensitive to the bacterial pathogen P. aeruginosa. acs-3 mutation suppressed nhr-25 mutant sensitivity to P. aeruginosa, yet surprisingly microarray analysis of nhr-25(RNAi) animals revealed significant overlap with the acs-3 mutant transcriptome, with an enrichment of pathogen response genes. The upregulation of pathogen response genes in acs-3(ft5) mutants and following nhr-25 reduction-of-function (rf) does not appear to be due to a constitutive osmotic response or defective cuticle barrier, two potential explanations for the acs-3(ft5) and nhr-25(rf) expression of innate immunity genes in the absence of pathogen exposure. Together, these data indicate that ACS-3 promotes resistance to the fungal pathogen, D. coniospora and regulates innate immunity genes through an unknown mechanism. Potential roles for ACS-3 in innate immunity are discussed. We used two-color expression microarrays to compare the transcriptional profiles in two experimental conditions: 1) comparing wild-type (N2) L4 stage larval worms to acs-3(ft5) L4 larval mutant animals; and 2) animals grown to L4 larval stage on bacteria harboring vectors for either control or nhr-25 RNA-interference (RNAi). L4 stage was determined by morphology of the developing vulva. Three biological replicates were used for each experimental condition. Statistically significant changes in gene expression in each experimental were determined using M-bM-^@M-^\linear models for microarray dataM-bM-^@M-^] (limma).
Project description:Animals can thrive on variable food resources as a result of autonomous processes and beneficial relationships with their gut microbes. Food intake elicits major physiological changes, which are compensated with transient systemic responses that maintain homeostasis in the organism. This integration of external information occurs through cellular sensory elements, such as nuclear receptors, which modulate gene expression in response to specific cues. Given the importance of the germline stem cells (GSCs) for the development of the germ line and the continuity of the species, it is reasonable to assume that GSCs might be shielded from the negative influence of environmental perturbations. To our knowledge, however, there are no mechanisms reported that protect proliferating germ cells from harmful dietary metabolites. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we report that the somatic activity of the conserved nuclear receptor nhr-114/HNF4 protects GSC divisions and GSC integrity from dietary metabolites. In the absence of nhr-114 and on certain bacterial diets, otherwise somatically normal animals accumulate germ cell division defects during development and become sterile. We find that in nhr-114(-) animals the induction of germline defects and sterility depends on the bacterial metabolic status with respect to the essential amino acid tryptophan. This illustrates an animal-microbe interaction in which somatic nuclear receptor activity preserves the germline by buffering against dietary metabolites, likely through a somatic detoxifying response. Overall, our findings uncover an unprecedented and presumably evolutionary conserved soma-to-germline axis of communication that maintains reproductive robustness on variable food resources. Trasncriptional profiles of adult sterile nhr-114(RNAi) animals were compared to those of sterile glp-1(q224ts) animals. Independently, the transcriptional profiles of wild type animals fed an OP50 diet supplemented with Tryptophan was compared to wild type animals fed a standard OP50 diet.
Project description:Comparison of sterile worms grown on Control Vector, daf-2 RNAi, and daf-2 + daf-16 RNAi. Synchronized fer-15(b26); fem-1(hc17) animals were grown on RNAi bacteria at 25ºC, induced with IPTG on Day 1 of adulthood, and collected from 0-48 hours (10 time points) and 0-196 hours (10 time points); RNAi bacteria was supplemented as necessary for later time points. Worms were floated off lawns with M9 buffer, centrifuged, and washed again in M9. The pelleted worms were dissolved in Trizol (Gibco) and frozen in liquid nitrogen.Time courses were compared with mixed references (collected from 1/2 of each of the time course samples)
Project description:Comparison of sterile worms grown on Control Vector, daf-2 RNAi, and daf-2 + daf-16 RNAi. Synchronized fer-15(b26); fem-1(hc17) animals were grown on RNAi bacteria at 25ºC, induced with IPTG on Day 1 of adulthood, and collected from 0-48 hours (10 time points) and 0-196 hours (10 time points); RNAi bacteria was supplemented as necessary for later time points. Worms were floated off lawns with M9 buffer, centrifuged, and washed again in M9. The pelleted worms were dissolved in Trizol (Gibco) and frozen in liquid nitrogen.Time courses were compared with mixed references (collected from 1/2 of each of the time course samples)
Project description:ATFS-1 has been shown to regulate transcription of mitochondrial chaperone genes such as mtHsp70/hsp-6 and hsp-60 in response to mitocondrial stress. To identify the entire ATFS-1-mediated response, we compared the transcript profiles from wild-type and atfs-1(tm4525) worms raised in the absence and presence of mitochondrial stress. We used microarrays to identify genes regulated by ATFS-1 during mitochondrial stress RNA samples were prepared from wild-type(wt) and atfs-1(tm4525)(mutant) worms fed either control(RNAi) or spg-7(RNAi). Worms were synchronized by bleaching, raised in liquid culture and harvested at the L4 stage. Control is denoted as C and spg-7 treatment is denoted T. Each experiment was performed in triplicate indicated as 1,2 and 3.
Project description:Transcriptome analysis of a population of control animals and RNAi-treated to partially inactivate genes that are homologs to human genes causing Retinitis Pigmentosa. RNA-seq analyses were performed at L3 larval stage in wild type, and smg-1(r861) mutants that have a defective Non-mediated decay pathway. RNA-seq experiments were also performed in adults glp-4(bn2) mutants that lack of germline. synchronized N2 and smg-1(r861) L1 larvae fed for 24 hours at 20 °C with the RNAi clones of prp-6, prp-8, prp-31 and gfp; and 5-day adult glp-4(bn2) worms grown at 25 °C and fed first, for 72 hours with OP50 and next, for 48 more hours with the RNAi clones of prp-8, prp-31 and gfp
Project description:To identify genes transcriptionally regulated by the nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-49, we performed RNA sequencing of wild-type and nhr-49(nr2041) loss-of-function mutant C. elegans. This transcriptomic dataset is utilized in the respective study to compare differentially regulated genes in nhr-49(nr2041) mutant worms to those treated with hsf-1 RNAi.
Project description:C. elegans were cultivated under temperature cycles for circadian entraiment. Then, we depleted NHR-23 using auxin-induced degron system, and sampled worms under constant(CC) condition every 2 h.