Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Notch controls the magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses by promoting cellular longevity

ABSTRACT: Generation of effective immune responses requires expansion of rare antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. The magnitude of the response is ultimately determined by proliferation and survival. Both processes are tightly controlled to limit responses to innocuous antigens. Sustained expansion occurs only when innate immune sensors are activated by microbial stimuli or by adjuvants, which has important implications for vaccination. The molecular identity of the signals controlling sustained T cell responses is not fully clear. Here we describe a prominent role for the Notch pathway in this process. Co-activation of Notch allows accumulation of far greater numbers of activated CD4+ T cells than stimulation via T cell receptor and classical co-stimulation alone. Notch does not overtly affect cell cycle entry or progression of CD4+ T cells. Instead, Notch protects activated CD4+ T cells against apoptosis after an initial phase of clonal expansion. Notch induces a broad anti-apoptotic gene expression program, which protects against intrinsic as well as extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Both Notch1 and Notch2 receptors and the canonical effector RBPJ are involved in this process. Correspondingly, CD4+ T cell responses to immunization with protein antigen are strongly reduced in mice lacking these components of the Notch pathway. Our findings therefore show that Notch controls the magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses by promoting cellular longevity. Naïve CD4+ T cells were activated for 1 day (1 control sample and 1 experimental sample) or 3 days (3 control samples and 3 experimental samples) with antibodies to CD3 soluble and CD28 in the presence of recombinant Delta4-Ig (experimental samples) or control Ig (control samples).

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Derk Amsen

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-35547 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Notch1 signaling is an important regulator of cell fate in early stages of T cell development. Because Notch receptors can function redundantly, we sought an approach for inhibiting all endogenous Notch signaling in thymocytes. Upon ligand engagement, Notch receptors undergo two successive proteolytic cleavages, the second involving a Presenilin (PS) containing complex with -secretase activity that releases a small intracellular fragment of Notch. This activated form of Notch (NotchIC) translocates from the membrane to the nucleus, where it acts as a transcription factor, inducing the expression of multiple target genes . Since Presenilins are required for the activation of all four mammalian forms of Notch, we generated mice with deletions of both Presenilin1 and Presenilin2 genes, the only genes encoding Presenilin in the mouse genome. To target Notch inactivation specifically to developing T cells, we introduced Cd4-Cre to mediate Presenilin gene deletion in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. Direct target genes of Notch signaling are largely unknown, and are likely to be cell lineage and stage specific. Therefore in order to identify potential Notch target genes , we compared RNA of thymocytes at the CD4+CD8+ stage of development from H-2b transgenic 5CC7 TCR/ RAG2-deficient / Presenilin1flox/flox /PS2-/- mice, with and without Cd4-Cre. Thymocyte single cell suspensions were generated using 100 µm nylon mesh (PGC Scientifics). DP thymocytes were isolated from RAG2° control or PS1/2° 5CC7 TCR H2bb mice by magnetic bead separation on anti-CD4 coated microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec.). Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol according to manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen). After quantification and checking for integrity, 1 µg of RNA was subjected to linear amplification. The resulting aRNA was labeled by reverse transcription via Cy5-dCTP incorporation and Cy3-dCTP incorporation. The fluorescent labeled probes were subsequently combined and hybridized on topic-defined PIQORTM Immunology Microarrays Mouse Antisense.

Project description:Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) in western countries is characterized by eosinophilia, IgE production and Th2 cytokine expression. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) from polyps produce IL-5 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 and IL-33 although the relevance of this axis to local mucosal T cell responses is unknown. Objective: To investigate the role of the IL-25/IL-33 axis in local mucosal T cell responses in CRSwNP. Methods: Polyp tissue and blood were obtained from patients undergoing nasal polypectomy. Control nasal biopsies and blood were obtained from healthy volunteers. Tissue was cultured in a short-term explant model. T cell surface phenotype/intracellular cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. TCR VÎ² analysis was performed with the immunoSEQ assay. Microarrays were performed for gene expression analysis. Results: Using nasal polyp tissue, numerous IL-25 receptor (IL-17RB) positive polarized Th2 cells were identified which were absent in the healthy nasal mucosa and periphery. IL-17RB+CD4+ polyp Th2 cells co-expressed ST2 (IL-33 receptor) and responded to IL-25 and IL-33 with enhanced IL-5 and IL-13 production. Within IL-17RB+CD4+ T cells several identical TCR VÎ² CDR3 sequences were identified in different subjects suggesting clonal expansion driven by a common antigen. Abundant IL-17 producing T cells were observed in healthy nasal mucosal and polyp populations with Th17-related genes the most overexpressed compared to peripheral blood T cells. Conclusion: IL-25 and IL-33 may interact locally with IL-17RB+ST2+ polyp T cells to augment Th2 responses in CRSwNP. A local Th17 response may be the default signature in healthy nasal mucosal immune homeostasis. Three biological replicates. T-helper cells were isolated nasal polyps by explant culture from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Cells were then sorted based upon expression of IL17RB by flow cytometric sorting. Resting and activated IL-17RB+ve cells were compared with resting and activated IL-17RB-ve cells.

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Notch controls the magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses by promoting cellular longevity

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