Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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RNA-seq from ENCODE/Stanford/Yale

ABSTRACT: The tracks show enrichment of RNA sequence tags mapped to the mouse genome generated by high throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq). Double stranded cDNA was synthesized from enriched RNA that was obtained after depletion of ribosomal RNA. Pieces of cDNA, 300-350 nucleotides in length, were PCR amplified, adapter ligated, and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODEDataReleasePolicyFinal2008.pdf Cells were grown according to the approved ENCODE cell culture protocols (http://hgwdev.cse.ucsc.edu/ENCODE/protocols/cell). Total RNA was extracted using RNeasy Mini Kit (74104, Aiagen), following the manufacturer's protocol. Ribosomal RNA was removed from total RNA using the Ribo-ZeroTM Gold Kits (MRZG126, Epicentre). Double-stranded cDNA synthesis was performed on the rRNA depleted RNA using random primers and the SuperScript double-stranded cDNA synthesis kit (11917-010, Life Tech). After first strand cDNA synthesis, NucAway Spin Column (Ambion cat. 100070-30) was used to remove dNTPs. In the second strand cDNA synthesis reaction, dTTP in the dNTP mix was substituted with dUTP. After end repair and addition of 'A' base to 3' end, illumina paired-end adapter was ligated to Double-stranded cDNA library. After gel size selection of adapter ligated cDNA (300-350), Uracil-N-Glycosylase (UNG: Applied Biosystems) was used to digest the second strand cDNA (Parkhomchuk et al. , 2009). PCR amplified adapter ligated cDNA was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. Sequence reads of 2x101 nt long with 0-2 mismatches were mapped to the mouse genome (version mm9) using the BWA aligner, version 0.5.7. The signal height corresponds to the number of overlapping fragments at each nucleotide position in the genome.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: UCSC ENCODE DCC

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-39619 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to identify whole transcriptomic changes between undifferentiated wildtype (H9 cell line) and undifferentiated EXT1-/- human embryonic stem cells using RNA-seq. Total RNA extraction was performed on low passage number wildtype and EXT1-/- human embryonic stem cells that were cultured in E8 media in quadruplicate. Libraries were prepared using TruSeq Stranded Total RNA kit (Illumina). First-strand cDNA was generated using random primers, followed by second-strand cDNA synthesis. Adapter-ligated PCR-enriched products were used to create cDNA libraries. 3' ends were adenylated and adapter ligated, followed by purification and enrichment with PCR to create cDNA libraries, which were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Single-end reads were mapped to the human genome using STAR. Mapped single-end reads were counted using RSEM. Results: We identified 1986 genes that were significantly differentially expressed [FDR (false discovery rate)-adjusted p < 0.05] between the two cell types. Of those genes, there were 102 upregulated and 195 downregulated transcripts that showed more than a two-fold change in expression. The top 20 upregulated and downregulated genes include those involved in neural development (e.g., POU3F4, ISLR2, FGF9), and transcription factors involved in early development (e.g., GRHL3, GBX2, ONECUT1). We evaluated the global changes in gene expression influenced by EXT1 deficiency compared with wildtype cells using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of transcripts that significantly differ by more than two-fold revealed that the loss of EXT1 led to a significant enrichment for biological processes related to cell-to-cell signaling, development, and cellular functions. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that genes involved in human embryonic stem cell differentiation are differentially regulated in EXT1-/- cells and that therefore the capacity of the cells to differentiate may be compromised. Taken together, RNA-seq revealed key differences between wildtype and EXT1-/- cells at the transcript level.

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RNA-seq from ENCODE/Stanford/Yale

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