Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Genome-wide expression of the epithelial layer cells of mice injected with Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B

ABSTRACT: Toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB), of the pathogen Clostridium difficile, are virulence factors that cause gross pathologic changes (e.g. inflammation, secretion, and diarrhea) in the infected host, yet the molecular and cellular pathways leading to observed host responses are poorly understood. To address this gap, TcdA and/or TcdB were injected into the ceca of mice and the genome-wide transcriptional response of epithelial layer cells was examined. Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression identified sets of cooperatively expressed genes. Further analysis of inflammation associated genes revealed dynamic chemokine responses. In total, 32 samples were analyzed (one microarray per mouse). The sample groups are separated by two factors: Toxin (TcdA, TcdB, TcdA+TcdB, or Sham injection) and endpoint (2, 6, or 16h). TcdA+B at 16h was not included, leaving 11 sample groups. Each sample group included biological triplicates, except TcdA+TcdB at 6h (one array) and Sham injection at 16h (four arrays).

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Kevin D'Auria

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-44091 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common and severe complication of sepsis. While several studies have reported the proteomic alteration in plasma, urine, heart, etc. of sepsis, few research focused on the brain tissue. This study aims at discovering the differentially abundant proteins in the brains of septic rats to identify biomarkers of SAE. Methods: The Prague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sepsis (n = 6) or sham (n = 6) groups, and then the whole brain tissue was dissected at 24 h after surgery for further protein identification by TMT-LC–MS/MS-based proteomics. Ingenuity pathway analysis, Gene ontology knowledgebase, and STRING database are used to explore the biological significance of proteins with altered concentration. Results: Among the total of 3163 proteins identified in the brain tissue, 57 were increased while 38 were decreased in the sepsis group compared to the sham group. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that the differentially abundant proteins are highly related to cellular microtubule metabolism, energy production, nucleic acid metabolism, neurological disease, etc. Additionally, acute phase response signaling was possibly activated and PI3K/AKT signaling was suppressed during sepsis. An interaction network established by IPA revealed that Akt1, Gc-globulin, and ApoA1 were the core proteins. The increase of Gc-globulin and the decrease of Akt1 were confirmed by Western blot. Conclusions: Based on the multifunction of these proteins in several brain diseases, we first propose that Gc-globulin, ApoA1, PI3K/AKT pathway, and acute phase response proteins (hemopexin and cluster of alpha-2-macroglobulin) can potentially be diagnosis biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and prognosis indicators of SAE. These results may provide new insights into the pathologic mechanism of SAE, yet further research is required to explore the functional implications and clinical applications of the differentially abundant proteins in the brains of sepsis group.

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Genome-wide expression of the epithelial layer cells of mice injected with Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B

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