Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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REG3γ-deficient mice have altered mucus distribution and increased mucosal inflammatory responses to the microbiota and enteric pathogens in the ileum

ABSTRACT: Objective: Reg3g has been proposed to have a protective role against infection due to its bactericidal effect on Gram-positive bacteria, but evidence from in vivo studies is lacking. Therefore we generated a Reg3g-/- mouse, to determine its role in intestinal homeostasis and protection against experimental infection. Methods: Reg3g-/- mice were phenotyped using histological methods and a range of innate and immune markers. To investigate the antimicrobial role of Reg3g we experimentally infected mice with Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-negative Salmonella entertitidis and measured translocated bacteria, mucosal and systemic markers of infection. Results: Reg3g-/- mice display altered ileal mucus distribution and increased bacterial contact with the epithelium. , concomitant with This increased the inflammatory status in of the ileal mucosa and increased expression of Il-22, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and serum chemokines in serum. In response to infection, Reg3g-/- mice showed transcriptome changes and elevated levels of mucosal MPO in the ileum, but no increased bacterial translocation to the organs. Conclusions: Reg3g is equally distributed throughout the mucus of wild type (wt) mice and its absence results in an altered distribution of the ileal mucus. Reg3g deficiency also results resulted in increased bacterial contact with the epithelium and heightened inflammatory responses in the ileal mucosa. We propose that Reg3g binds pathogens suggesting it and contributes to mucus barrier function by ensnaring bacteria. Compared to wt mice, Reg3g-/- mice infected with S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes show an increase of mucosal inflammatory markers indicating the protective, anti-microbial roles of Reg3g in defence against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. This study was set up according to a one-treatment, one-control design; treatments were inoculation with either Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella enteritidis bacterial pathogens. The study results contain transcriptional profiles from infected and sham-infected control C57Bl/6 mice. In total, this study includes data from 2 treatments and 1 control of (pooled) wild-type C57Bl/6 mice and Reg3g-/- KO mutant C57Bl/6 mice = 6 arrays.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Peter van Baarlen

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-44409 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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REG3γ-deficient mice have altered mucus distribution and increased mucosal inflammatory responses to the microbiota and enteric pathogens in the ileum.

Loonen L M P LM Stolte E H EH Jaklofsky M T J MT Meijerink M M Dekker J J van Baarlen P P Wells J M JM

Mucosal immunology 20131218 4

REG3γ is considered to have a protective role against infection with Gram-positive bacteria due to its bactericidal activity, but evidence from in vivo studies is lacking. We generated a REG3γ(-/-) mouse, and investigated the effect of lack of REG3γ on intestinal mucus distribution, spatial compartmentalization of bacteria, and expression of innate immunity genes. Infection studies were also performed with Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens to investigate the antimicrobial role of REG3γ. ...[more]

PMID: 24345802

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Project description:Gut dysbiosis and host genetics are implicated as causative factors in inflammatory bowel disease, yet mechanistic insights are lacking. Longitudinal analysis of ulcerative colitis patients following total colectomy with ileal anal anastomosis (IPAA) where >50% develop pouchitis, offers a unique setting to examine cause vs. effect. To recapitulate human IPAA, we employed a mouse model of surgically-created blind self-filling (SFL) and self-emptying (SEL) ileal loops. SFL exhibit fecal stasis due to directional peristalsis motility oriented towards away from the loop end, whereas SEL remain empty. In wild type mice, SFL, but not SEL, develop pouch-like microbial communities without accompanying active inflammation. However, in genetically susceptible IL-10-/- deficient mice, SFL, but not SEL, exhibit severe inflammation and mucosal transcriptomes resembling human pouchitis. Germ-free IL10-/- mice conventionalized with wild type SFL, but not SEL, microbiota, develop severe colitis. These data demonstrate an essential role for fecal stasis, gut dysbiosis, and genetic susceptibility and offer insights into human pouchitis and ulcerative colitis. All animal protocols were approved by IACUC at the University of Chicago. All animals were C57Bl/6 mice that were bred and housed under standard 12:12 light/dark conditions at the University of Chicago. Female mice aged 6-8 weeks were fed ad libitum gel diet 76A (Cat# 72-07-5022, Clear H20, Portland, ME) for 5-days prior to surgery to prevent obstruction at the anastomosis. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine. Aseptic surgery was performed to resect 2.5cm of ileum 3cm proximal to the ileal-cecal value with anastomosis to the ileum using 8-0 suture (Figure 1a). The abdominal wall was closed with interrupted 4-0 silk suture and skin was closed with staples. Analgesics (betanorphine mg/kg BW) were provided post-operatively. After 5 weeks, mice were humanely euthanized. Intestinal loops were collected for RNA, protein, and histology. Loop, sham ileum, and sham colon contents were collected and snap frozen at −80°C for microbiota analysis. Human biopsies and stool samples were obtained under IRB approval and privacy protocols were followed. Our initial work demonstrated up regulation of TLR4 signaling in the mucosa of self-filling ileal loops. We hypothesized that TLR4 may be in-part responsible for mediating the metaplasia and inflammatory responses observed. Therefore, TLR4 KO mice were used to test this hypothesis and subsequently demonstrated attenuated responses in these parameters.

Dataset Information

REG3γ-deficient mice have altered mucus distribution and increased mucosal inflammatory responses to the microbiota and enteric pathogens in the ileum

Publications

REG3γ-deficient mice have altered mucus distribution and increased mucosal inflammatory responses to the microbiota and enteric pathogens in the ileum.

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