Identification of drought stress-responsive transcription factor in ramie (Boehmeria nivea LM-oM-
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ABSTRACT: Drought is a main environment stress which severely inhibits the stem growth of ramie and lead to a decrease of the fiber yield. The mechanisms of ramie responding to drought stress are poorly understood. Using Illumina sequencing, approximately 4.8 million (M) 21-nt cDNA tags were sequenced in the cDNA library derived from the drought-stressed ramie (DS), and about 4.7 M were sequenced in the cDNA library constructed from the control ramie under well water condition (CO). The tags generated from two libraries were aligned with ramie transcriptome to annotate their function and a total of 23,912 and 22,826 ramie genes were matched by these tags of DS and CO library, respectively. Comparison of gene expression level between CO and DS ramie based on the differences of tag frequencies appearing in two libraries revealed that 1101 and 505 genes were respectively up- and down- regulated under drought stress. Pathway enrichment analysis identified a set of significantly enriched pathways of DEGs. A series of candidate genes and pathways that may contribute to drought tolerance in ramie will be helpful for further improving ramie drought tolerance ability. 3' tag-based DGE libraries were generated to exam the differentially expressed gene between drought-stressed and well-watered ramie
Project description:We investigated the transcriptional response of invasive B. tabaci B biotype to tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) using Illumina sequencing technology. We found that 1,606 genes involved in 157 biochemical pathways were differentially expressed in the viruliferous whiteflies. Culture of B biotype whitefly was maintained on cotton plants. Three thousands of newly emerged adults of whitefly on cotton were released onto the leaves of healthy and viruliferous tobacco plants. They were allowed to feed for 24 h. After that, non-viruliferous and viruliferous whiteflies were transferred respectively to cotton plants in different cages and allowed to feed for 120 h. Then approximately 1,000 non-viruliferous and viruliferous female adults of whitefly were collected, respectively. The RNA was extracted and sequenced using Illunima Analyzer II.
Project description:We compared the transcriptional profiles of female adult whiteflies of B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 feeding on TYLCCNV-free and TYLCCNV-infected tobacco plants using the next-generation sequencing technique. Culture of B (MEAM1 cryptic species) whitefly was maintained on cotton plants. One thousand of newly emerged adults of whitefly on cotton were released onto the leaves of healthy and viruliferous tobacco plants. After 72 h of oviposition, all the adult whiteflies were discarded, and the progeny allowed to develop to adults. The cultures of MEAM1 on tobacco plants were maintained in climate chambers at 27 M-BM-1 1M-BM-0C, a photoperiod of 14 h light/10 h darkness and 70 M-BM-1 10% relative humidity. Approximately 1,000 female adult whiteflies newly emerged from mock-inoculated tobacco plants and 1,000 female adult whiteflies newly emerged from virus-infected tobacco plants were collected and stored at -80M-BM-0C. The RNA was extracted and sequenced using Illunima Analyzer II.
Project description:The genomes of three major mosquito vectors of human diseases, including Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, have been previously sequenced. C. p. quinquefasciatus has the largest number of predicted protein-coding genes, which partially results from the expansion of three detoxification gene families: cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and carboxylcholinesterases (CCE). However, unlike A. gambiae and A. aegypti, which have large amounts of gene expression data, C. p. quinquefasciatus has limited transcriptomic resources. Knowledge of complete gene expression information is very important for the exploration of the functions of genes involved in specific biological processes. In the present study, the three detoxification gene families of C. p. quinquefasciatus were analyzed for phylogenetic classification and compared with those of three other dipteran insects. Gene expression during various developmental stages and the differential expression responsible for parathion resistance were profiled using the digital gene expression (DGE) technique. Results: A total of 291 detoxification genes were found in C. p. quinquefasciatus, including 70 CCE, 186 P450, and 35 GST genes. Compared with three other dipteran species, gene expansion in Culex mainly occurred in the CCE and P450 families, where the genes of M-NM-1-esterases, juvenile hormone esterases, and CYP325 of the CYP4 subfamily showed the most pronounced expansion on the genome. A total of 13314 genes were expressed in five DGE libraries. Genes with signal transduction and odorant binding functions were prominently expressed during egg development. Genes involved in proteolysis, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and purine metabolism were preferentially expressed at the larval stage. Seventy five percent of the detoxification genes were found to be expressed. One fourth of the CCE and P450 genes were expressed at unique stages, indicating their developmentally regulated expression. Fifteen detoxification genes, including 2 CCEs, 6 GSTs, and 7 P450s, were expressed at higher levels in a parathion-resistant strain than in a susceptible strain. Conclusion: The results of the present study provide new insights into the functions and evolution of three detoxification gene families in mosquitoes and comprehensive transcriptomic resources for C. p. quinquefasciatus, which will facilitate the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the different biological characteristics of the three major mosquito vectors. Raw data were deposited in SRA and assigned accession number SRA049959: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra?term=SRA049959 Five DGE libraries were sequenced: the egg, third instar larval, pupal, and adult stages of the SG strain, and the third instar larval stage of the S-lab strain.
Project description:Transcriptomic analysis of LaeA-deletion and overexpression LaeB in LaeA deletion strains in fungus Beauveria bassiana Examination of differential gene expressions by Beauveria bassiana wild type, LaeA-deletion and overexpression LaeB in LaeA deletion strains in fungus Beauveria bassiana
Project description:The goals of this study are to compare differential gene expressions for Penicillium oxalicum wild type strain (WT), and laeA knockout strain (ΔlaeA) in different development phase. The deletion of laeA downregulated genes involved in oxidation- reduction process, alkaloid metabolic process, and transmembrane transport. We find the expression levels of seven secondary metabolism gene clusters (totally 28 clusters) were silenced inΔlaeA. This study provides the information that laeA function are required in conidiation and hydrolase activity of P. oxalicum. Examination of differential gene expressions by digital gene expression tag profiling in Penicillium oxalicum wild type strain and laeA knockout mutant strains in 24h and 60h in modified Czapek culture medium with 2% glucose as carbon resource. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays.
Project description:The Root-lesion nematode (RLN) Pratylenchus coffeae is a major ramie pest causing severe fiber yield loss annual in China. The response mechanism of ramie to RLN-infection is poorly understood. Two RLN-infected plants (Inf1 and Inf2) and two control plants (CO1 and CO2) were individually used to sequence by Illumina pair-end sequencing. About 56.3, 51.7, 43.4 and 45.0 million sequencing reads were generated from the libraries of CO1, CO2, Inf1 and Inf2, respectively. De novo assembly for these 196 million reads yielded 50,486 unigenes with an average length of 853.3 bp. Based on sequence similarity search with known proteins, a total of 24,820 (49.2%) genes were annotated for their function. Comparison of gene expression level between CO and Inf ramie based on the normalized value of read counts per kilobase of exon model per million reads (RPKM) revealed that there were 777 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Further, these functional category of DEGs were classified by assigning them to gene ontology (GO) and clusters of orthologous group (COG). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that three pathways (Phenylalanine metabolism, Carotenoid biosynthesis and Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis) were severely influenced by RLN-infection. The genome-wide expression profiling of ramie responding to RLN-infection was first characterized. A series of candidate genes and pathways that may contribute to defense response against RLN in ramie will be helpful for further improving the resistance to RLN-infection. A total of four samples, two replicates of control plant (CO1 and CO2) and two replicates of RLN-infected plants (Inf1 and Inf2) were used for RNA-seq.
Project description:We used RNA-Seq to compare transcriptional responses of M. anisopliae and M. acridum to infection of the optically clear hind wings of adult locusts and cockroaches. It was calculated that >82% of predicted M. anisopliae genes and >88% of predicted M. acridum genes were expressed during pre-penetration growth. Germination and growth by M. anisopliae and M. acridum on either insect triggered high level expression of genes associated with translation and post-translational modifications. Between 6 to 10% of the genes that were highly expressed by M. anisopliae and M. acridum on host cuticles encoded cell wall proteins. Consistent with early host recognition events being key to establishing specificity, M. acridum but not M. anisopliae transcribed different Pth11-like GPCRs on locust and cockroach cuticles, thus differential activation of different signaling pathways. Examination of gene differential expressions by two different Metarhizium speceis on two different insects cuticles
Project description:Transcriptomic analysis of fungus Penicillium decumbens and brlA deletion strains in liquid medium and solid medium respectivelly Examination of differential gene expressions by Penicillium decumbens strains 114-2 and brlA deletion stains in liquid medium and solid medium
Project description:Cadmium (Cd)-contamination in soil has been becoming a major environmental problem in China. Ramie, a fiber crop, was frequently proposed to be used as the crop for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated farmlands. However, high level Cd accumulation can cause a great inhibition of growth in ramie. To understand the potential mechanism for this phenomenon, the ramie genes involved in the Cd stress response were identified using Illumina pair-end sequencing in two Cd-stressed plants (CdS1 and CdS2) and two control plants (CO1 and CO2) in this study. Approximately 48.7, 51.6, 41.2, and 47.1 million clean sequencing reads generated from the libraries of CO1, CO2, CdS1, and CdS2, respectively, were De novo assembled to yield 56,932 non-redundant unigenes. A total of 26,686 (46.9%) genes were annotated for their function. Comparison of gene expression levels between CO and CdS ramie revealed 155 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Sixteen DEGs was further confirmed their expression difference by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these 16 DEGs, 2 genes encoding GA2-oxidase which is a major enzyme for deactivating bioactive gibberellins (GAs) were found with a markedly up-regulated expression, which is possibly responsible for the growth inhibition of Cd-stressed ramie. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that a pathway (Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis) was markedly enriched by DEGs. The discovery of these Cd stress-responsive genes and pathways will be helpful for further understanding the mechanism of Cd-stressed response and improving the ability of Cd stress tolerance in ramie. A total of four samples, two replicates of control plants (CO1 and CO2) and two replicates of cadmium-stressed plants (CdS1 and CdS2) were used for RNA-seq.
Project description:The RNA-Seq technique was used to investigate the differentially transcribed genes of the caterpillar fungus Cordyces militaris. It was calculated that >63% of total annotated genes were expressed, including >55% of putative pathogen-host interaction genes. Overall, the fruiting-body development and mycelium growth by C. militaris activated high expression levels of genes in association with translation and post-translational modifications. Otherwise, there were many differentially expressed genes when the fungus was grown on insect pupae to different stages or in liquid medium. In general, the transcriptional profiles were more similar with each other during fungal fruiting-body developmental stages than during growth in a liquid culture. Examination of differential gene expressions by Cordyceps militaris during fruiting-body developments on silkmoth pupae and growth in a liquid medium.