ChIP-Seq of Transcriptional Components in Ly1 DLBCL and Colon carcinoma
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ABSTRACT: Discovery of the genome-wide location of proteins using ChIP-Seq has allowed global mapping of the key transcription factors and chromatin regulators that control gene expression programs in various cells. Many DNA-associated processes are targeted for disease therapy. This study investigates the functions of small molecule therapeutics that target DNA-associated processes involved with CDK9 and BRD4. Genomic DNA was enriched by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and analyzed by Solexa sequencing. ChIP was performed using an antibody against Brd4, RNA Polymerase II, Med1, H3K27ac, and CDK8 as well as whole-cell extract (WCE) DNA controls
Project description:Discovery of the genome-wide location of proteins using ChIP-Seq has allowed global mapping of the key transcription factors and chromatin regulators that control gene expression programs in various cells. Many DNA-associated processes are targeted for disease therapy. This study investigates the functions of small molecule therapeutics that target DNA-associated processes involved of CDK9 and BRD4. Genomic DNA was enriched by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and analyzed by Solexa sequencing. ChIP was performed using an antibody against RNAP2, BRD4, CDK9, and CTCF using whole cell extract (WCE) as a background control.
Project description:Critical drivers of cancer progression are likely controlled through the actions of transcription factors and cofactors that bind to the genome and form enhancers that stimulate gene expression. We present ChIP-seq analysis of key transcriptional regulators, cofactors and histone modifications that indicate transcriptional activity across a range of different cancer cells. ChIP-seq was performed against the cofactors Med1, Brd4 and CDK7 in MM1.S multiple myeloma cells; Brd4 in Sk-MEL-5 melanoma cells; and H3K9/K14 acetylation in MV4;11 leukemia cells,
Project description:Chromatin regulators have become highly attractive targets for cancer therapy, yet many of these regulators are expressed in a broad range of healthy cells and contribute generally to gene expression. An important conundrum has thus emerged: how can inhibition of a general regulator of gene expression produce selective effects at specific oncogenes? Here we investigate how inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator BRD4 (Bromodomain containing 4) leads to selective inhibition of disease-critical oncogenes in a highly malignant blood cancer, multiple myeloma (MM). We found that BRD4 generally occupies the promoter elements of active genes together with the Mediator coactivator, but remarkably high levels of these two coactivator proteins were associated with a small set of exceptionally large enhancers. These super-enhancers are associated with genes that feature prominently in MM biology, including the MYC oncogene. Treatment of MM tumor cells with the BET-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 led to preferential loss of BRD4 at super-enhancers and consequent transcription elongation defects that preferentially impact genes with super-enhancers, including the c-MYC oncogene. Super-enhancers were found at key oncogenic drivers in many other tumor cells. Thus, super-enhancers can regulate oncogenic drivers in tumor cells, which in some cells can be preferentially disrupted by BRD4 inhibition, which in turn contributes to the selective transcriptional effects observed at these oncogenes. These observations have implications for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics directed at components of super-enhancers in diverse tumor types. ChIP-Seq for chromatin regulators and RNA Polymerase II in multiple myeloma, glioblastoma multiforme, and small cell lung cancer
Project description:MM1.S cells are an aggressive dexamethasone sensitive multiple myeloma cell line whose transcritional program is driven by deregulated c-Myc activity. We present ChIP-seq analysis of key transcritional regulators that are implicated the c-Myc transcriptional network in MM1.S cells treated with vehicle or 500nM JQ1. Brd4, Cdk9, cMyc, Max, Med1, RNA Pol II, and the chromatin modifications H3K4me3 and H3K27Ac were profiled in MM1.S cells treated with 500nM JQ1 for 24hr
Project description:P493-6 cells are immortalized human peripheral B cells that carry a conditional, tetracycline-regulated myc gene. We present ChIP-seq analysis of key transcritional regulators in P493-6 cells expressing various levels of c-Myc: 0hr (low c-Myc levels), 1hr (intermediate c-Myc levels), 24hr (very high c-Myc levels) and No Tet (steady-state c-Myc levels). Brd4, c-Myc, Max, Med1, RNAPII, and the chromatin modification H3K27Ac were profiled in P493-6 cells
Project description:Proinflammatory stimuli rapidly and globally remodel chromatin landscape, thereby enabling transcriptional responses. Yet, the mechanisms coupling chromatin regulators to the master regulatory inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB remain poorly understood. We report in human endothelial cells (ECs) that activated NF-kB binds to enhancers, provoking a rapid, global redistribution of BRD4 preferentially at super-enhancers, large enhancer domains highly bound by chromatin regulators. Newly established NF-kB super-enhancers drive nearby canonical inflammatory response genes. In both ECs and macrophages BET bromodomain inhibition prevents super-enhancer formation downstream of NF-kB activation, abrogating proinflammatory transcription. In TNFa-activated endothelium this culminates in functional suppression of leukocyte rolling, adhesion and transmigration. Sustained BET bromodomain inhibitor treatment of LDLr -/- animals suppresses atherogenesis, a disease process rooted in pathological vascular inflammation involving endothelium and macrophages. These data establish BET-bromodomains as key effectors of inflammatory response through their role in the dynamic, global reorganization of super-enhancers during NF-kB activation. ChIP-Seq for various transcription factors, RNA Polymerase II, and histone modifications in human endothelial cells
Project description:ChIP-Seq of RNA Polymerase II, and transcriptional regulators in multiple myeloma (MM.1S), glioblastoma (U87-MG), and small cell lung carcinoma (H2171) treated with the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1. Cell lines (MM.1S, U87-MG, and H2171) representing multiple myeloma, glioblastoma, and small cell lung carcinoma, were treated with varying concentrations (5nM to 5µM) of the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 followed by ChIP-Seq for RNA Polymerase II and transcriptional regulators. Other datasets from this series of experiments have been release as a part of GSE42355.
Project description:An ability to map the global interactions of a chemical entity with chromatin genome-wide could provide new insights into the mechanisms by which a small molecule perturbs cellular functions. we developed a method that uses chemical derivatives and massively parallel DNA sequencing (Chem-Seq) to identify the sites bound by small chemical molecules throughout the human genome. We developed in vivo and in vitro Chem-Seq protocols with a biotinylated derivative of small molecules. In the in vivo protocol, Cells were first treated with biotinylated ligand and cross-linked with formaldehyde at the same time. Cells were then lysed, sonicated to shear the DNA, and streptavidin beads were used to isolate biotinylated ligand and associated chromatin fragments. We then used massively parallel sequencing to identify the enriched DNA fragments, and mapped these sequences to the genome. In in vitrol protocol, MM1.S cells were fixed and the derived sonicated lysate incubated with biotinylated drug to enrich for bound chromatin regions in vitro. We then used massively parallel sequencing to identify the enriched DNA fragments, and mapped these sequences to the genome.
Project description:The gene expression program is regulated by a cell-type specific chromosome architecture. The connection between enhancer and promoter regions is dependent on a protein complex containing Nipbl, Mediator and Cohesin. To gain insights into the chromosome architecture of human differentiated cells, we profiled NIPBL and SMC1 in lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs). DNA was enriched from hLCLs and chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIPs) were analyzed by Solexa sequencing. ChIPs were performed using an antibody against NIPBL and SMC1. Whole cell extract is provided for background.
Project description:Discovery of the genome-wide location of proteins using ChIP-Seq has allowed global mapping of the key transcription factors and chromatin regulators that control gene expression programs in various cells. Many DNA-associated processes are targeted for disease therapy. CDK8 is a kinase component of the Mediator co-activator complex and is often over-expressed in colorectal cancer. This study investigates the genome-wide localization of CDK8 in human colorectal cancer cells. Genomic DNA was enriched by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and analyzed by Solexa sequencing. ChIP was performed using an antibody against H3K27ac and CDK8 as well as whole-cell extract (WCE) DNA controls.