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Switching of the Relative Dominance Between Feedback Mechanisms in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced NF-kB Signaling

ABSTRACT: The bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) signaling, which results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as part of the immune response. NF-kB target genes also include those encoding proteins that inhibit NF-kB signaling through negative feedback loops. By simultaneously studying the dynamics of the nuclear translocation of the NF-kB subunit RelA and the activity of a Tnf-driven reporter in a mouse macrophage cell line, Sung et al. found that the gene encoding RelA was also a target of NF-kB. Synthesis of RelA occurred only at higher concentrations of LPS and constituted a positive feedback loop that dominated over existing negative feedback mechanisms. Genes expressed in response to a high concentration of LPS were enriched for those involved in innate immune responses. Together, these data suggest that the RelA-dependent positive feedback loop enables macrophages to mount an effective immune only above a critical concentration of LPS. Bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells were stimulated with zero, low, and high concentration of LPS separately for 4hrs. Two replicates for each condition.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Timothy Myers

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-53810 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Switching of the Relative Dominance Between Feedback Mechanisms in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced NF-kB Signaling

Project description:The bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) signaling, which results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as part of the immune response. NF-kB target genes also include those encoding proteins that inhibit NF-kB signaling through negative feedback loops. By simultaneously studying the dynamics of the nuclear translocation of the NF-kB subunit RelA and the activity of a Tnf-driven reporter in a mouse macrophage cell line, Sung et al. found that the gene encoding RelA was also a target of NF-kB. Synthesis of RelA occurred only at higher concentrations of LPS and constituted a positive feedback loop that dominated over existing negative feedback mechanisms. Genes expressed in response to a high concentration of LPS were enriched for those involved in innate immune responses. Together, these data suggest that the RelA-dependent positive feedback loop enables macrophages to mount an effective immune only above a critical concentration of LPS.

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Project description:Stringent regulation of TNF signaling prevents aberrant inflammation. TNF engages the canonical NF-kB pathway for activating the RelA:p50 heterodimer, which mediates specific expressions of pro-inflammatory and immune response genes. Importantly, the NF-kB system discriminates between time-varied TNF inputs. Negative feedback regulators of the canonical pathway, including IkBa, thought to ensure transient RelA:p50 responses to brief TNF stimulations. The noncanonical NF-kB pathway controls a separate RelB activity associated with immune differentiation. In a systems modeling approach, we uncovered an unexpected role of p100, a constituent of the noncanonical pathway, in TNF signaling. Brief TNF stimulation of p100-deficient cells produced an additional late NF-kB activity composed of the RelB:p50 heterodimer, which distorted the TNF-induced gene-expression program. Periodic TNF pulses augmented this RelB:p50 activity, which was reinforced by NF-kB-dependent RelB synthesis. In sum, the NF-kB system seems to engage distantly related molecular species for enforcing dynamical and gene controls of immune-activating TNF signaling.

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Human RELA haploinsufficiency results in autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous ulceration: the transcriptional profile of RelA haploinsufficient patients

Project description:The treatment of chronic mucocutaneous ulceration is challenging and only some patients respond selectively to inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). TNF-a activates opposing pathways leading to caspase-8-mediated apoptosis as well as NF-kB-dependent cell survival. We investigated the etiology of autosomal dominant mucocutaneous ulceration in a family whose proband was dependent on anti-TNF-a therapy for sustained remission. A heterozygous mutation in RELA (NM_021975: c.559+1G>A), encoding the NF-kB subunit RelA (p65), segregated with the disease phenotype and resulted in RelA haploinsufficiency. The patients’ fibroblasts exhibited increased apoptosis in response to TNF-a, impaired NF-kB activation, and defective expression of NF-B-dependent anti-apoptotic genes. We show that Rela+/- mice have similarly impaired NF-kB activation, develop cutaneous ulceration from TNF-a exposure, and exhibit severe dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis ameliorated by TNF-a inhibition. These findings demonstrate an essential contribution of biallelic RELA expression in protecting stromal cells from TNF-a-mediated cell death, thus delineating the mechanisms driving the effectiveness of TNF-a inhibition in this disease.

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LPS-induced genome-wide RELA binding sites and H3K27ac changes in phraryngeal epithelial cells

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Project description:Gram negative endotoxin Lypopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to a strong innate immune response through TLR4 signalling. This latter pathway activates cannonical NF-kB pathway, including its member RELA. Here, we want to investigate the gene expression response induced by LPS recognition.

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Project description:The canonical NF-κB transcription factor RELA is a master regulator of immune and stress responses and is upregulated in PDAC tumours. Here, we characterised previously unknown endogenous RELA-GFP dynamics in PDAC cell lines by live single cell imaging, which revealed rapid, sustained and non-oscillatory nuclear RELA following TNFα stimulation. Using Bayesian analysis of single cell datasets with variation in nuclear RELA, we predicted that RELA heterogeneity in PDAC cell lines is dependent on F-actin dynamics. Using RNA-seq, we identified the actin regulators NUAK2 and ARHGAP31 as transcriptionally regulated by RELA. In turn, NUAK2 or ARHGAP31 siRNA depletion downregulates TNFα-stimulated RELA nuclear localisation in PDAC cells, establishing a novel negative feedback loop regulating RELA activation by TNFα. We identify an additional actin-independent feedback loop involving RELB, which suppresses TNFα-mediated RELA nuclear localisation following RELA mediated upregulation of RELB. Taken together, we provide computational and experimental support for interdependence between the F-actin network and RELA translocation dynamics in PDAC.

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