Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

Dataset Information

P. falciparum Complicated Malaria: Modulation and Connectivity between Exportome and Variant Surface Gene Families

ABSTRACT: In temperate and sub-tropical regions of Latin America, complicated malaria manifested as hepatic dysfunction or renal dysfunction is seen in all age groups. There has been a concerted focus on understanding the patho-physiological and molecular basis of complicated malaria in children, much less is known about it in adults. This can be attributed to many factors: one of which is the expression of clonally variant families of adhesion proteins: PfEMP1 on the iRBC surface. We report here, the analysis of data from a custom, cross strain microarray (Agilent Platform) using material from patient samples, showing hepatic dysfunction or renal failure. These are the most common manifestations seen in adults along with cerebral malaria. The data has been analyzed with reference to variable surface antigens, encoded by the var, rifin and stevor gene families. The differential regulation profiles of key genes (comparison of PFC and PFU) have been observed. The exportome has been analyzed using similar parameters. GO term based functional enrichment of differentially regulated genes identified, up-regulated genes stastically enriched (p<0.5) to critical biological processes. Systems network based functional enrichment of overall differentially regulated genes yielded a similar result. We are reporting here, up-regulation of var group A and B genes whose proteins are predicted to interact with CD36 receptor in the host as also the up-regulation of group A rifins and many of the stevors. This is contrary to most other reports from pediatric patients, with cerebral malaria where the up-regulation of var A group genes have been seen. A protein-protein interaction based network has been created and analysis performed. This co-expression and text mining based network has shown overall connectivity between the variable surface antigens and the exportome. The up-regulation of var group B and C genes encoding PfEMP1 with different domain architecture would be important for deciding strategies for disease prevention. Plasmodium falciparum isolates were collected from patients (n=12) with differing clinical conditions. The patients exhibited symptoms categorized as uncomplicated (n=5) or complicated malaria (n=7). Criteria for determination of complicated disease were based on World Health Organization year 2000 guidelines. Microarray array based transcriptional profiling was carried out to find out differentailly expressed genes in complicated malaria isolates (non-cerebral malaria) compared to un-complicated malaria isolates.

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium falciparum

SUBMITTER: Ashis Das

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-59844 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Plasmodium falciparum complicated malaria: Modulation and connectivity between exportome and variant surface antigen gene families.

Subudhi Amit Kumar AK Boopathi P A PA Pandey Isha I Kohli Ramandeep R Karwa Rohan R Middha Sheetal S Acharya Jyoti J Kochar Sanjay K SK Kochar Dhanpat K DK Das Ashis A

Molecular and biochemical parasitology 20150527 1

In temperate and sub-tropical regions of Asia and Latin America, complicated malaria manifested as hepatic dysfunction or renal dysfunction is seen in all age groups. There has been a concerted focus on understanding the patho-physiological and molecular basis of complicated malaria in children, much less is known about it in adults. We report here, the analysis of data from a custom, cross strain microarray (Agilent Platform) using material from adult patient samples, showing hepatic dysfunctio ...[more]

PMID: 26022315

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Project description:In temperate and sub-tropical regions of Latin America, complicated malaria manifested as hepatic dysfunction or renal dysfunction is seen in all age groups. There has been a concerted focus on understanding the patho-physiological and molecular basis of complicated malaria in children, much less is known about it in adults. This can be attributed to many factors: one of which is the expression of clonally variant families of adhesion proteins: PfEMP1 on the iRBC surface. We report here, the analysis of data from a custom, cross strain microarray (Agilent Platform) using material from patient samples, showing hepatic dysfunction or renal failure. These are the most common manifestations seen in adults along with cerebral malaria. The data has been analyzed with reference to variable surface antigens, encoded by the var, rifin and stevor gene families. The differential regulation profiles of key genes (comparison of PFC and PFU) have been observed. The exportome has been analyzed using similar parameters. GO term based functional enrichment of differentially regulated genes identified, up-regulated genes stastically enriched (p<0.5) to critical biological processes. Systems network based functional enrichment of overall differentially regulated genes yielded a similar result. We are reporting here, up-regulation of var group A and B genes whose proteins are predicted to interact with CD36 receptor in the host as also the up-regulation of group A rifins and many of the stevors. This is contrary to most other reports from pediatric patients, with cerebral malaria where the up-regulation of var A group genes have been seen. A protein-protein interaction based network has been created and analysis performed. This co-expression and text mining based network has shown overall connectivity between the variable surface antigens and the exportome. The up-regulation of var group B and C genes encoding PfEMP1 with different domain architecture would be important for deciding strategies for disease prevention.

Project description:Genomic variation is an inherent phenomena observed among members of same species belonging to different geographical locations. In case of P. falciparum, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, its 22.8 MB nuclear genome is known to display vast genetic diversity in the subtelomeric compartments having but not exclusively variant gene families like var, rifins and stevors and examples in other elements of the genome have recently been documented. Microarrays, relies solely on the genomic sequence information to capture the relevant transcript abundance and needs to consider these variations into account for revealing true transcriptional variation.Here, we describe the designing strategy of a custom P. falciparum 15K array using Agilent platform to study the transcriptome of Indian field isolates for which genome sequence information is limited. Array contains probes representing genome sequence of two distinct geographical isolates (i.e 3D7 and HB3) and subtelomeric var gene sequence of a third isolate (IT4) known to adhere in culture condition. Probes in the array have been selected based on their efficiency to detect transcripts by performing a 244K array experiment representing multiple probes per gene/transcript. Array performance was evaluated and validated using RNA materials from P. falciparum clinical isolates obtained directly from patients with differing clinical conditions due to malaria infection.Due to pre probe screening large percentage (91 %) of the represented transcripts could be detected from Indian P. falciparum isolates. Replicated probes and multiple probes representing the same gene showed perfect correlation between them suggesting good probe performance. Additional transcripts could be detected due to inclusion of unique probes representing HB3 strain transcripts. Variant surface antigen (VSA) transcripts were detected by optimized probes representing the VSA genes of three geographically distinct strains. Plasmodium falciparum isolates were collected from patients (n=13) with differing clinical conditions. The patients exhibited symptoms categorized as uncomplicated (n=6) or complicated malaria (n=7). Criteria for determination of complicated disease were based on World Health Organization year 2000 guidelines. Microarray array based transcriptional profiling was carried out to evaluate the performance of the array.

Project description:Cerebral malaria is the most deadly manifestation of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of cerebral malaria is characterised by the accumulation of infected erythrocytes in the microvasculature of the brain, due to parasite adhesins on the surface of infected erythrocytes binding to human receptors on microvascular endothelial cells. The parasite and host molecules involved in this interaction are unknown. We used the Human Brain Endothelial Cell line HBEC-5i to identify the malaria parasite ligands responsible for binding to human brain endothelial cells. Three P. falciparum strains (HB3, 3D7 and IT/FCR3) were selected for binding to HBEC5i and the whole transcriptome of selected and unselected parasites was analysed using a variant surface antigen-supplemented microarray chip. After selection, the only highly upregulated genes were a subset of group A-like var genes (HB3var3, 3D7_PFD0020c, ITvar7 and ITvar19), that showed 11 to >100-fold higher transcription levels in selected parasites. These genes are highly diverse in sequence, but do however show strong similarities in PfEMP1 architecture. Antibodies raised to the HB3var3 variant recognized the surface of infected erythrocytes and abolished the binding of infected erythrocytes to brain endothelial cells. The subset of Group A PfEMP1 variants identified here provides a new target for interventions to treat or prevent cerebral malaria. Unselected Plasmodium falciparum parasites (Uns) only poorly cytoadhere to human brain endothelial cells (HBEC-5i). Plasmodium falciparum HB3, 3D7 and IT/FCR3 strains were selected for binding to HBEC-5i (HB3-HBEC1, HB3-HBEC2, HB3-HBEC-TNF, 3D7-HBEC and IT-HBEC). HBEC-selected and unselected cultures were tightly synchronised before a timecourse experiment was performed. 6 samples, named time points 1 to 6, were taken every 8 hours. 12μg of RNA from the unselected parasites (HB3-Uns, 3D7-Uns or IT-Uns) at each of the 6 time points was combined together to form the reference pool. The pool and 12μg of each individual time point sample from both selected and unselectedparasites were then used for cDNA synthesis. For HB3-HBEC1 (pilot experiment), each HB3-HBEC1 time point (pilot experiment) was hybridised directly with HB3-Uns1 time points. For microarray hybridizations, each cDNA sample was coupled to Cy5 (red dye) while Cy3 (green dye) was added to the pool. Cy5-labelled time point samples were mixed with the same amount of Cy3-labelled pool sample. The solution was loaded on a microarray slide and hybridized for 14–16 h.

Dataset Information

P. falciparum Complicated Malaria: Modulation and Connectivity between Exportome and Variant Surface Gene Families

Publications

Plasmodium falciparum complicated malaria: Modulation and connectivity between exportome and variant surface antigen gene families.

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