Project description:Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play important roles in cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have shown that TAMs include both long-lived resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) and short-lived monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with limited proliferative potential. RTMs and MDMs have been suggested to play divergent roles in tumorigenesis; RTMs are aligned with trophic functions, whereas MDMs are enriched for immune-regulatory pathways. Here we established a specific role for the AP-1 factor JUN in the differentiation and maintenance of MDMs and the specification of pro-tumoral trophic functions during tumor development. Alternatively, the immune-regulatory functions of TAMs remained JUN-independent. JUN was required for the specification and maintenance of pro-tumoral TAMs that support blood vessel maturation and tumor growth. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis uncovered the alternative fates for tumor-infiltrating monocytes and the development of distinct TAM states associated with trophic functions and immune-regulation. These studies demonstrate an important role for JUN in the specification of pro-tumoral monocyte-derived TAMs that could offer opportunities for selective TAM-targeted therapies for cancer.
Project description:Cervical cancer (CC) is a malignancy characterized by persistent HPV infection and tumor microenvironment remodeling. To explore the molecular characteristics of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in CC, we performed miRNA sequencing on plasma EVs from 3 CC patients and 3 healthy controls. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, revealing potential biomarkers and providing insights into early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
Project description:Heart failure and associated cachexia is an unresolved and important problem. We report a new model of severe heart failure that consistently results in cachexia. Mice lacking the integrated stress response (ISR) induced eIF2α phosphatase, PPP1R15A, exhibit a dilated cardiomyopathy and severe weight loss following irradiation, whilst wildtype mice are unaffected. This is associated with increased expression of Gdf15 in the heart and increased levels of GDF15 in the circulation. We provide evidence that blockade of GDF15 activity prevents cachexia and slows the progression of heart failure. Our data suggests that cardiac stress mediates a GDF15 dependent pathway that drives weight loss and worsens cardiac function. We show relevance of GDF15 to lean mass and protein intake with patients with heart failure. Blockade of GDF15 could constitute a novel therapeutic option to limit cardiac cachexia and improve clinical outcomes in patients with severe systolic heart failure.
Project description:Arginine-rich mixed charge domains (R-MCDs) contribute to and alter the properties of nuclear speckles. We are interested in how this affects the retention of poly-adenylated mRNAs in the nucleus. This experiment tests how the expression of the R-MCD of PPIG influences the nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of mRNAs over time. Specifically, a HeLa cell line in which PPIG expression is driven by a doxycycline-inducible promoter was used, and doxycycline was added for 0, 4, 8 or 12 hours. This time course was performed in triplicates. Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were collected from the cells and RNA was extracted. 3' end sequencing libraries were produced by fragmenting the RNA and introducing Illumina adapters via a oligo-dT-primed reverse transcription and template switching oligo approach. The data indicate that mRNAs containing long, multivalent GA-rich regions in their coding sequences are more retained in the nucleus over time following expression of the R-MCD. The files provided in this accession have not been trimmed to remove adapters, 3' poly-A sequences, UMIs or G-stretches from TSOs. The data was analysed using nf-core/rna-seq using the following command: nextflow run nf-core/rnaseq \\ --input samplesheet.csv \\ --fasta '/camp/lab/ulej/home/users/farawar/genomes/hs/fasta/GRCh38.primary_assembly.genome.fa' \\ --gtf '/camp/lab/ulej/home/users/farawar/genomes/hs/annotation/gencode.v29.annotation.gtf' \\ --salmon_index '/camp/lab/ulej/home/users/farawar/genomes/hs/salmon_index/salmon_index' \\ --gencode \\ --pseudo_aligner salmon \\ --with_umi \\ --umitools_bc_pattern NNNNN \\ --clip_r1 5 \\ -resume \\ -profile crick \\ --outdir nf-core-results \\ -c extraconfig.config With the extra config file containing: withName: '.*:QUANTIFY_STAR_SALMON:SALMON_QUANT' { ext.args = '--noLengthCorrection' } Therefore removing the first 5 nucleotides as UMI sequences and the following 5 nucleotides as they contain G-stretches from the template-switching oligo.
Project description:CLK kinases phosphorylate the SR domains of SR proteins. The phosphorylation state controls the localisation of SR proteins, with hypo-phosphorylated SR proteins being more enriched in nuclear speckles. We identified a set of mRNAs that are bound by SR proteins in the nucleus, and we wondered whether the activity of CLK kinases would alter the nuclear export of those mRNAs. We therefore treated HeLa cells with the CLK inhibitor CLK-IN-T3 or with DMSO for 8 hours and then collected nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. We sequenced the 3' ends of poly-adenylated mRNAs in these fractions. The samples in this accession have been trimmed to remove Illumina adapters, 3' poly-A stretches, 5' G stretches from the TSO oligo and the UMIs have been moved to the header. The data was then processed using the following nf-core/rnaseq call: nextflow run nf-core/rnaseq \\ --input 'samplesheet.csv' \\ --fasta '/camp/lab/ulej/home/users/farawar/genomes/hs/fasta/GRCh38.primary_assembly.genome.fa' \\ --gtf '/camp/lab/ulej/home/users/farawar/genomes/hs/annotation/gencode.v29.annotation.gtf' \\ --salmon_index '/camp/lab/ulej/home/users/farawar/genomes/hs/salmon_index/salmon_index' \\ --gencode \\ --pseudo_aligner salmon \\ -resume \\ -profile crick \\ --outdir nf-core \\ -c extraconfig.config With the extra config file containing the following: withName: '.*:QUANTIFY_STAR_SALMON:SALMON_QUANT' { ext.args = '--noLengthCorrection' }
Project description:Stress priming is a critical adaptive mechanism that enables plants to enhance responses to recurring environmental stresses. While transcriptomic changes associated with cold stress priming have been reported, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated transcriptomic and DNA methylation dynamics in cold-primed and non-primed Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Cold stress induces distinct gene expression patterns between primed and non-primed plants, accompanied by DNA methylation changes across all cytosine contexts in both protein-coding genes and transposable elements (TEs). Notably, CHH methylation within gene bodies and TEs is markedly reduced in cold-primed plants, suggesting a role for DNA hypomethylation in establishing cold stress memory. This hypomethylation correlates with decreased expression of the CMT2 DNA methyltransferase and components of the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, indicating a passive demethylation process during cold treatment. Furthermore, DNA methylation mutants exhibit enhanced cold stress memory, highlighting the role of methylation in preventing spurious gene activation and maintaining priming specificity. Particularly, met1, deficient in CG methylation, shows reduced methylation at the CBF gene cluster, correlating with their overexpression and enhanced activation of downstream cold-responsive genes. Our findings show that DNA methylation modulates cold stress memory by shaping chromatin and ensuring transcriptional precision.
Project description:Total RNA-seq data from samples produced using conventional TRIzol RNA extraction (control), using the semi-extractability assay (PMID: 28404604) or Orthogonal Organic Phase Separation (OOPS; PMID: 30607034, PMID: 32651564) in naive mESCs (nPSCs). Control samples RNA was extracted from the aqueous phase of non-heated and non-sheared TRIzol samples. The semi-extractability assay samples were prepared by heating and needle-shearing TRIzol samples prior to extraction. For OOPS, the RNA was extracted from the TRIzol interphase of UV-crosslinked cells (254 nm, 400 mJ/cm2). Total RNA-seq libraries were prepared using the CORALL Total RNA-Seq Kit with RiboCop (Dual Indexing, UDI12A) - version 2.
Project description:Astrocytes are key cells in brain aging, helping neurons to undertake healthy aging or otherwise letting them enter into a spiral of neurodegeneration. We aimed to characterize astrocytes cultured from senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a mouse model of brain pathological aging, along with the effects of caloric restriction, the most effective rejuvenating treatment known so far. Analysis of the transcriptomic profiles of SAMP8 astrocytes cultured in control conditions and treated with caloric restriction serum was performed using mRNA microarrays. A decrease in mitochondrial and ribosome mRNA, which was restored by caloric restriction, confirmed the age-related profile of SAMP8 astrocytes and the benefits of caloric restriction. An amelioration of antioxidant and neurodegeneration-related path- ways confirmed the brain benefits of caloric restriction. Studies of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function demonstrated a reduction of oxidative damage and partial improvement of mito- chondria after caloric restriction. In summary, caloric restriction showed a significant tendency to normalize pathologically aged astrocytes through the activation of pathways that are protective against the age-related deterioration of brain physiology. Key words: astrocytes; caloric restriction; mitochondria; oxidative stress; RNA microarrays; SAMP8. Primary cultures enriched in astrocytes were obtained from cerebral cortical tissue from 2-day-old SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. Astrocyte cultures were established and experiments were routinely carried out after 21 days in culture. Established astrocyte cultures of both SAMR1 and SAMP8 consisted of 85-90% astrocytes, 10-15% microglia and 0.1-1% oligodendroglia. Sera from rats subjected to ad libitum (AL) diet and to CR were obtained as described for the establishment of the CR in vitro model (de Cabo et al., 2003). Serum was heat inactivated at 56°C prior to use in astrocyte culture experiments. Treatment in vitro was performed by adding 10% volume CR or AL serum onto the astrocyte culture medium for 48 h, the cells were harvested and RNA was extracted for the microarray studies. Three biological replicates for each condition were done and RNA was extracted for the microarray studies. Please note that SAM models were developed from AKR/J by Kyoto University. Five litters with severe senescence were selected to further propagate and examine these characteristics. Litters that showed normal aging were selected as a senescence-resistant series (R-series). The genetic background of the SAM mice became suspect after the pathological findings were different from the AKR/J mouse. Each SAM model is genetically different. Each SAM colony was acquired by Harlan by Takeda Chemical Ltd. in 2002. And here is the link to the company site. http://www.harlan.com/products_and_services/research_models_and_services/research_models/sam_inbred_mice/samp8tahsd.hl
Project description:We investigated non-cell-autonomously regulated gene expression in microglia, neurons and astrocytes by co-culturing these cell types (derived from different mammalian species) together, and then separating the RNA-seq reads from each cell type/species in silico.
Project description:Secondary injury causes death and dependence after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). We found that myelomononuclear Nrf2 is active and protective after ICH in mice. To investigate the roles of myelomononuclear Nrf2 in modulating cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous responses to the oxidative and inflammatory consequences of ICH we developed an in vitro system of co-cultures of primary mouse microglia, human astrocytes and rat neurons and performed RNA-seq, subsequently performing in-silico separation of read data into separate species, and thus separate cell types. Cultures were treated with blood clot condition media (CCM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Nrf2-activating drug CDDO-TFEA, and experiments were performed using wild-type mouse microglia, and microglia from mice with global Nrf2 deletion.