The mutant Moonwalker TRPC3 channel links calcium signaling to lipid metabolism in the developing
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Sheena Lee
PROVIDER: E-MTAB-3517 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:The molecular mechanism(s) leading to Purkinje neuron loss in the neurodegenerative disorder Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) are limited by the complex morphology of this cell type. Purkinje neurons are notoriously difficult to isolate and maintain in culture presenting considerable difficultly to identify molecular changes in response to riboCGG repeat-containing mRNA that induces neurotoxicity in FXTAS. Several studies have uncovered a number of RNA binding proteins involved in translation that aberrantly interact with the toxic RNA; however, whether these interactions alter the translational profile of cells has not been investigated. Here we employ bacTRAP translational profiling to demonstrate that Purkinje neurons ectopically expressing 90 CGG repeats exhibit a dramatic change in their translational profile even prior to the onset of riboCGG-induced phenotypes. This approach identified nearly 500 transcripts that are differentially associated with ribosomes in r(CGG)90-expressing mice. Functional annotation cluster analysis revealed broad ontologies enriched in the r(CGG)90 list, including RNA binding and response to stress. Intriguingly, a transcript for the Tardbp gene, implicated in a number of other neurodegenerative disorders, exhibits altered association with ribosomes in the presence of r(CGG)90 repeats. We therefore tested and showed that reduced association of Tardbp mRNA with the ribosomes results in a loss of TDP-43 protein expression in r(CGG)90–expressing Purkinje neurons. Furthermore, we showed that TDP-43 could modulate the rCGG repeat-mediated toxicity in a Drosophila model that we developed previously. These findings together suggest translational dysregulation may be an underlying mechanism of riboCGG-induced neurotoxicity and provide insight into the pathogenicity of FXTASBAC-trap studies of Purkinje cels in normal and mutant mice Looking for cell type specific gene expression differences caused by mutation in FMR1 using BAC-Trap RNA capture assay. A cutoff value of 4.5 for mean probe_set mean across all 18 hybridizations was used to determine a cutoff for expression in Purkinje cells. This 16040 corresponded to a mean value of at least 3.4323 in the 4week time point. L7CGG90Fmr1:Pcp2 BAC (r(CGG)90 BAC) and wild-type:L7/Pcp2 BAC (WT BAC) transgenic mice used in this study have a 50% C57B6 and 50% FVB genetic background and were derived from the same parents by crossing L7CGG90Fmr1 heterozygote transgenics (100% C57B6 background) with L7/Pcp2eEGFPL10a BAC homozygous transgenics (100% FVB background). All mice reported were F1 progeny and were therefore hemizygous for one or both transgenes. Littermate wild-type mice were used for all experiments whenever possible.
2014-05-01 | E-GEOD-57034 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:During senescence of detached rice leaves, tryptophan (Trp) and Trp-derived secondary metabolites such as serotonin and 4-coumaroylserotonin accumulated in concert with methanol (MeOH) production. This senescence-induced MeOH induction was closely associated with levels of pectin methylesterase (PME)1 mRNA and PME enzyme activity. Exogenous challenge of detached rice leaves with 1% MeOH accelerated Trp and serotonin biosynthesis with induction of the corresponding genes. No other solvents including ethanol resulted in a Trp-inducing effect. This MeOH-induced Trp synthesis was positively regulated by abscisic acid but negatively regulated by cytokinin, suggesting hormonal involvement on the action of MeOH. Endogenous overproduction or suppression of MeOH either by PME1 overexpression or RNAi gene silencing revealed that PME1 overexpressing lines produced twofold higher Trp levels with elevated Trp biosynthetic gene expression, whereas RNAi lines showed twofold reduction in Trp level in healthy control rice leaves, suggesting that MeOH acts as an endogenous elicitor to enhance Trp biosynthesis. Among many transcription factors induced following MeOH treatment, the WRKY family showed significant induction patterns of which WRKY14 appeared to play a key regulatory role in MeOH-induced Trp and Trp-derived secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Total RNAs were extracted from the detached rice leaves with 1% MeOH or distilled water for 1 d, and gene expression was compared between the two groups with two replicates. DW, detached leaves in distilled water for 1 day; MeOH (2-replications), methanol treated detached leaves at the same time point as control. 2 sets of separately normalized data; DW-MeOH(1) and MeOH(2).
2011-01-03 | E-GEOD-26387 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. SCA6 is caused by CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in CACNA1A, which encodes Cav2.1, ?1A subunit of P/Q-type calcium channel. However, the pathogenic mechanism and effective therapeutic treatments are still unknown. Here we have succeeded in generation of differentiated Purkinje cells that carry the patient genes by combining disease-specific iPS cells and self-organizing culture technologies. SCA6-iPS cells derived Purkinje cells exhibited increased level of whole Cav2.1 protein while decreased level of its C-terminal fragment and downregulation of the transcriptional targets TAF1 and BTG1. We further demonstrate that SCA6-Purkinje cells exhibit thyroid hormone depletion-dependent degeneration, which can be suppressed by two compounds, thyroid releasing hormone and Riluzole. Thus we have constructed an in vitro disease model recapitulating both ontogenesis and pathogenesis. This model would be useful for pathogenic investigation and drug screening. Examination of mRNA profile in 1 ES cell line, two healthy donnor-derived iPS cell lines, three case-derived iPS cell lines and 1 normal dermal fibroblasts.
2016-11-08 | E-GEOD-85347 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Transcriptome analysis of mRNA samples purified from developing cerebellar granule cells and ES cell-derived granule cells using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) method. Although mechanisms underlying early steps in cerebellar development are known, evidence is lacking on genetic and epigenetic changes during the establishment of the synaptic circuitry. Using metagene analysis, we report pivotal changes in multiple reactomes of epigenetic pathway genes in cerebellar granule cells (GCs) during circuit formation. During this stage, Tet genes are up-regulated and vitamin C activation of Tet enzymes increases the levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at exon start sites of up-regulated genes, notably axon guidance genes and ion channel genes. Knockdown of Tet1 and Tet3 by RNA interference in ex vivo cerebellar slice cultures inhibits dendritic arborization of developing GCs, a critical step in circuit formation. These findings demonstrate a role for Tet genes and chromatin remodeling genes in the formation of cerebellar circuitry. We analyzed gene expression of cerebellar granule cells and ES cell-derived granule cells using the Affymetrix mouse gene 1.0 ST platform. Array data was processed by metagene analysis which was developed by the Broad Institute.
2015-10-31 | E-GEOD-74400 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Forkhead transcription factors are essential for diverse processes in early embryonic development and organogenesis. Foxd1 is required during kidney development and its inactivation results in failure of nephron progenitor cell differentiation. Foxd1 is expressed in interstitial cells adjacent to nephron progenitor cells, suggesting an essential role for the progenitor cell niche in nephrogenesis. To better understand how cortical interstitial cells in general, and FOXD1 in particular, influence the progenitor cell niche, we examined the differentiation states of two progenitor cell subtypes in Foxd1-/- tissue. We found that while nephron progenitor cells are retained in a primitive CITED1-expressing compartment, cortical interstitial cells prematurely differentiate. To identify pathways regulated by FOXD1, we used microarray analysis and screened for target genes by comparison of Foxd1 null and wild type tissues. We chose the E14.5 timepoint because at this stage nephron differentiation is present in wild type kidneys but absent from Foxd1 null kidneys. We examined genes that were upregulated or downregulated in the Foxd1 null compared to wild type. Embryonic kidneys were harvested from Foxd1-/- and wild type littermates from three E14.5 litters. Three biological replicates were generated per genotype, each containing two non-littermate kidney pairs. Sex of embryos was not determined.
2013-11-14 | E-GEOD-52354 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: The diagnosis of high grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is difficult to distinguish from low grade IPMN. The aim of this study was to identify potential markers for the discrimination of high grade and invasive IPMN from low and moderate grade IPMN. Experimental Design: Laser capture microdissection was used to isolate distinct foci of low grade, moderate grade, high grade, and invasive IPMN from paraffin embedded archival tissue from 14 patients who underwent resection for IPMN. Most samples included multiple grades in the same specimen. Affymetrix Human Exon microarrays were used for gene expression analysis to compare low and moderate grade (LMD) IPMN to high grade and invasive (HgInv) IPMN. Results: When comparing samples of LMD dysplasia (n=15) to those demonstrating HgInv (n=13), 62 genes were identified as showing significant changes in expression (p≤0.05 and a 2-fold cutoff), with up-regulation of 41 in HgInv IPMN and down-regulation in 21. Changes in gene expression are associated with biological processes related to malignant behavior including cell motion, cell proliferation, response to hypoxia, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated the ability of these 62 differentially expressed genes to distinguish between LMD and HgInv samples. In addition, altered signaling in several TGFβ-related pathways was exhibited in the progression of IPMN to malignancy. Conclusions: This study identifies a set genes associated with the progression of IPMN to malignancy. These genes are potential markers that could be used to identify IPMN requiring surgical resection. Using laser capture microdissection, distinct foci of low (n=10), moderate (n=5), and high grade dysplasia (n=6) as well as invasive carcinoma (n=7) were isolated from paraffin embedded archival tissue of 14 patients who underwent resection for IPMN. Gene expression data from Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0ST microarrays was utilized to compare low and moderate grade IPMN to high and invasive IPMN.
2011-12-01 | E-GEOD-26647 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The possibility of lung regeneration has been long discounted due to the irreversible nature of chronic lung diseases. However, patients who sustain massive loss of lung tissue during acute infections often recover full pulmonary function. Correspondingly, we previously demonstrated lung regeneration in mice following H1N1 influenza virus infection and implicated p63+Krt5+ distal airway stem cells, or DASCp63/Krt5, in this process. We show here that rare, preexisting DASCp63/K5 undergo a proliferative expansion in response to influenza and lineage-trace to nascent alveoli assembled at sites of interstitial inflammation. We also show that the ablation of DASCp63/Krt5 in vivo prevents the regeneration of lung tissue following influenza leading to pre-fibrotic lesions and deficient oxygen exchange. Finally, we demonstrate that exogenously cloned and propagated DASCp63/Krt5 readily contribute to lung regeneration following transplantation. These data suggest that DASCp63/K5 are required for lung regeneration and may have therapeutic utility in acute and chronic lung diseases. Tracheal epithelium and alveoli of healthy mice were laser capture microdissected for microarray analysis. Damaged lung interstitium (CD45+ region) of influenza infected (75pfu H1N1, 15dpi) mice were also dissected. Duplicates were included for each sample. We used the Affymetrix Mouse Exon 1.0 ST platform
2014-11-20 | E-GEOD-61091 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We have developed a new transgenic mouse strain, expressing a CyclinB1-GFP fusion reporter, which marks replicating cells in the S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle to isolate live replicating and quiescent cells from the liver. We used microarrays to compare the transcriptome of relicating and quiescent liver cells and reveal gene expression programs associated with cell proliferation in vivo Livers of three individual 3.5 week old, weaned CyclinB1-GFP mice were dissociated into single cells.Replicating (GFP-positive) and quiescent (GFP-negative) liver cells were FACS-sorted for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.
2012-09-30 | E-GEOD-39966 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The endoribonuclease, Dicer, is indispensible for generating the majority of mature microRNAs (miRNAs), which are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression involved in a wide range of developmental and pathological processes in mammalian central nervous system. While functions of Dicer-dependent miRNA pathways in neurons and oligodendrocytes have been extensively investigated, little is known about the role of Dicer in astrocytes. Here we report the effect of Cre-loxP mediated conditional deletion of Dicer selectively from postnatal astroglia on brain development. Dicer-deficient mice exhibited normal motor development and neurological morphology prior to postnatal week 5. Thereafter mutant mice invariably developed a rapidly fulminant neurological decline characterized by ataxia, severe progressive cerebellar degeneration, seizures, uncontrollable movements and premature death by postnatal week 9-10. Integrated transcription profiling, histological and functional analyses of cerebella showed that deletion of Dicer in cerebellar astrocytes altered the transcriptome of astrocytes to be more similar to an immature or reactive-like state prior to the onset of neurological symptoms or morphological changes. As a result, critical and mature astrocytic functions including glutamate uptake and antioxidant pathways were substantially impaired, leading to massive apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells and degeneration of Purkinje cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates the critical involvement of Dicer in normal astrocyte maturation and maintenance. Our findings also reveal non-cell autonomous roles of astrocytic Dicer-dependent pathways in regulating proper neuronal functions and implicate that loss of or dysregulation of astrocytic Dicer-dependent pathways may be involved in neurodegeneration and other neurological disorders. Four replicate experiments using samples derived from biologically independent pairs of control (mGfap-Cre; Dicer +/flox) and Dicer mutant (mGfap-Cre; Dicer flox/flox) littermate mice (postnatal day 30) were performed with a dye-swap experimental design.
2011-05-10 | E-GEOD-28589 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Secretion of insulin by pancreatic β cells in response to glucose is central for glucose homeostasis, and dysregulation of this process is a hallmark of the early stages of diabetes. We utilized a tetracycline-inducible approach to investigate the immediate impact of a pulse of Sox17 expression on the insulin secretory pathway. Sox17 gain-of-function animals (Sox17-GOF) were generated using an Ins2-rtTA mouse line and a line in which Sox17 expression is regulated by the tetracycline transactivator (tetO-Sox17). Administering doxycycline to 16-week old mice resulted in Sox17 overexpression in mature β cells in the islets. In order to identify the molecular basis by which Sox17 regulates the secretory pathway in β cells, we performed microarray analysis on isolated islets following a 24-hour pulse of Sox17 overexpression. We chose to analyze a 24 hour pulse of Sox17 for islet pancreas RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays since it was sufficient to stimulate the insulin secretory pathway without causing changes in islet architecture.
2014-07-31 | E-GEOD-59928 | biostudies-arrayexpress