Project description:Resistance to pyrethroids, the only insecticide approved for bednets, threatens control of the major malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, in Malawi. To improve the management of such resistance countrywide, it is crucial to understand the dynamics and mechanisms driving resistance in the field. In this study the levels of insecticide resistance were determined across the highly endemic densely populated lake and southern agricultural area. Insecticide resistance to pyrethoids was assessed using standardized WHO bioassay methods and resistant mosquitoes were hybridized to susceptible mosquitoes. This microarray analysis revealed the key role of cytochrome P450 genes such as CYP6P9a, CYP6P9b and CYP6M7. However, a significant shift in the over-expression of these CYP450s was detected across a south/north transect, with CYP6M7 more highly over-transcribed in the two northern collection sites and the tandemly duplicated genes, CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b, more greatly over-transcribed in the south.
Project description:Transcriptome profiling of pyrethroid resistant field populations of Anopheles funestus from Malawi and Mozambique compared to a susceptible lab strain FANG
Project description:Transcriptome profiling of pyrethroid resistant field populations of Anopheles funestus across Uganda and neighboring Kenya from Uganda and Kenya compared to a susceptible lab strain FANG
Project description:Identification of genes associated with bendiocarb resistance. Mosquitoes collected as larvae from Nagongera and Kihihi, Uganda. Bendiocarb-resistant and unexposed female mosquitoes selected using standard WHO tube bioassays. RNA was extracted from pools of five individuals identified as An. gambiae s.s. Insecticide-susceptible mosquitoes from the Kisumu strain were included as controls. RNA hybridized in an interwoven loop design to compare four biological replicates each of resistant, unexposed, and laboratory mosquitoes.
Project description:Transcriptome profiling of insecticide resistant field populations of Anopheles funestus from Benin compared to a susceptible lab strain FANG
Project description:Transcriptome profiling of a bendiocarb resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae in Cameroon (S form) compared to the susceptible strain Kisumu (S form)
Project description:In 2013, two large-scale Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) mortality episodes were reported on separate coasts of Florida. The east coast mortality episode was associated with an unknown etiology in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). The west coast mortality episode was attributed to a persistent Karenia brevis algal bloom or ‘red tide’ centered in Southwest Florida. To investigate these two mortality episodes, proteomic experiments using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) followed by protein identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were conducted, along with a separate gel-free analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) LC-MS/MS. In comparison to the control group, manatees from the IRL, an area associated with an unknown mortality episode, displayed increased levels of several proteins in their serum samples. These increased proteins, which were identified in the iTRAQ experiment, included kininogen-1 isoform 1 (average ratio 1.38), protein AMBP (1.38), histidine-rich glycoprotein (1.34), properdin (1.30), and complement C4-A isoform 1 (1.25). In the red tide group, ceruloplasmin (2.32), pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 isoform 3 (2.29), angiotensinogen (2.08), complement C4-A isoform 1 (1.83), and complement C3 (1.42) were increased. The proteins kininogen-1 isoform 1, histidine-rich glycoprotein, complement C4-A isoform 1, angiotensinogen, and complement C3 were also identified in increased levels in the 2D-DIGE experiment (Table 2b). These proteins are associated with acute-phase response, amyloid formation and accumulation, copper and iron homeostasis, the complement cascade pathway, and other important cellular functions. The increased level of complement C4 protein observed in both the red tide and unknown mortality episode groups was confirmed through the use of Western Blot.