Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Study of human macrophage reprogramming toward a pro-resolving profile by efferocytosis

ABSTRACT: Inﬂammation is a physiopathological process triggered by infection or tissue damage. Immune system initiates coordinated sequential steps in response to these danger signals. Once the threat has been contained inflammation has to be subsequently shut down. Inflammation resolution is initiated by the reprogramming of pro-inflammatory macrophages toward a pro-resolving profile. This reprogramming is induced in particular by the non-phlogistic engulfment of apoptotic cells, mostly apoptotic neutrophils, a process called efferocytosis. As a matter of fact, macrophages are an essential linchpin regulating both inflammation triggering and sustaining and inflammation resolution. This duality can be achieved through the tremendous plasticity of these innate immune cells. Indeed, depending on microenvironmental signals (cytokines, efferocytosis, growth factors…) macrophages can adopt numerous diverse and sometimes antagonistic phenotypes. The mechanisms governing these transitions remain relatively scattered especially in human. With this project we propose to explore the mechanisms involved in human macrophage reprogramming toward a pro-resolving profile after efferocytosis. The stakes are high due to the estimated prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases in Western society is 5 to 7%. Chronic inflammation is a burden to patient due to life-long debilitating illness and increased mortality and is also a burden to society due to high costs for therapy and care. Finding new therapies to limit chronic inflammation establishment and persistence is thus a highly valuable goal.

INSTRUMENT(S): Illumina HiSeq 1500

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Thomas Cherrier

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-8885 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, most of which are caused by atherosclerosis. Discerning processes that participate in macrophage-to-foam cell formation are critical for understanding the basic mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. To explore the molecular mechanisms of foam cell formation, the differentially expressed proteins were identified. Methods: In this paper, human monocytes, macrophage colony-stimulating factor induced macrophages, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced foam cells were cultured, and tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling combined with mass spectrometry (MS) were performed to find associations between foam cell transformation and proteome profiles. Results: Totally, 5146 quantifiable proteins were identified, among which 1515 and 182 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found in macrophage/monocyte and foam cell/macrophage, respectively, using a cutoff of 1.5-fold change. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that downregulated DEPs of macrophages/monocytes were mostly located in the nucleus and upregulated DEPs of foam cells/macrophages mostly located in the plasma membrane and extracellular. Functional analysis of DEPs demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism related proteins were upregulated in foam cells, whereas the immune response-related proteins were downregulated in foam cells. The protein-interaction network showed that the DEPs with the highest interaction intensity between macrophages and foam cells were mainly concentrated in lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions: This study for the first time to perform quantitative proteomic investigation by TMT labeling and LC-MS/MS to identify differentially expressed proteins in human monocyte, macrophage, and foam cell. The results confirmed cholesterol metabolism was upregulated in foam cells, while immune response was suppressed, which suggested that foam cells were not the population that promote inflammation. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction indicated that the differentially expressed proteins locating in the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes may be key targets to regulate foam cell formation. These data provide a basis for identifying the potential proteins associated with the molecular mechanism involved in the transformation of macrophages to foam cells.

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Study of human macrophage reprogramming toward a pro-resolving profile by efferocytosis

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