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Flexible, Light-Interacting, B-Shaped Structures for Computations.

ABSTRACT: Integrating mechanical computing functions into robotic materials, microelectromechanical systems, or soft robotics can improve their intelligence in stimulation-response processes. Current mechanical computing systems exhibit limitations, including incomplete functions, unchangeable computing rules, difficulties in realizing random logic, and lack of reusability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a straightforward method of designing mechanical computing systems-based on the logic expressions-for complex computations. We designed soft, B-shaped mechanical metamaterial units, and compressed them to render stress inputs; the outputs are represented by the light-shielding effects caused by the unit deformations. We realized logic gates and corresponding combinations (including half/full binary adder/subtractor and addition/subtraction of 2 numbers with multiple bits) and provided a versatile solution for making a mechanical analog-to-digital converter to generate both ordered and disordered numbers. We performed all of the computations within the elastic regions of the B-shaped units; thus, after one computation, the systems can return to the initial states for reuse. The proposed mechanical computers will potentially enable robotic materials, microelectromechanical systems, or soft robotics to perform complex tasks. Furthermore, one can extend this concept to systems that are based on other mechanisms or materials.

SUBMITTER: Yang N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10065789 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Flexible, Light-Interacting, B-Shaped Structures for Computations.

Yang Nan N Qian Zheng Z Wei Huaxian H Zhang Yubo Y

Research (Washington, D.C.) 20230330

Integrating mechanical computing functions into robotic materials, microelectromechanical systems, or soft robotics can improve their intelligence in stimulation-response processes. Current mechanical computing systems exhibit limitations, including incomplete functions, unchangeable computing rules, difficulties in realizing random logic, and lack of reusability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a straightforward method of designing mechanical computing systems-based on the logic expre ...[more]

PMID: 37011283

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Project description:Serotonin is critical for adapting behavior flexibly to meet changing environmental demands. Cognitive flexibility is important for successful attainment of goals, as well as for social interactions, and is frequently impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, a unifying mechanistic framework accounting for the role of serotonin in behavioral flexibility has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate common effects of manipulating serotonin function across two species (rats and humans) on latent processes supporting choice behavior during probabilistic reversal learning, using computational modelling. The findings support a role of serotonin in behavioral flexibility and plasticity, indicated, respectively, by increases or decreases in choice repetition ('stickiness') or reinforcement learning rates following manipulations intended to increase or decrease serotonin function. More specifically, the rate at which expected value increased following reward and decreased following punishment (reward and punishment 'learning rates') was greatest after sub-chronic administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (5 mg/kg for 7 days followed by 10 mg/kg twice a day for 5 days) in rats. Conversely, humans given a single dose of an SSRI (20 mg escitalopram), which can decrease post-synaptic serotonin signalling, and rats that received the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), which destroys forebrain serotonergic neurons, exhibited decreased reward learning rates. A basic perseverative tendency ('stickiness'), or choice repetition irrespective of the outcome produced, was likewise increased in rats after the 12-day SSRI regimen and decreased after single dose SSRI in humans and 5,7-DHT in rats. These common effects of serotonergic manipulations on rats and humans-identified via computational modelling-suggest an evolutionarily conserved role for serotonin in plasticity and behavioral flexibility and have clinical relevance transdiagnostically for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Dataset Information

Flexible, Light-Interacting, B-Shaped Structures for Computations.

Publications

Flexible, Light-Interacting, B-Shaped Structures for Computations.

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